{"id":10007,"date":"2021-02-20T18:15:15","date_gmt":"2021-02-20T15:15:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/tr\/?p=10007"},"modified":"2026-08-07T22:15:19","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T19:15:19","slug":"komunizden-kapitalizme-estonyada-enerjinin-kisa-tarihcesi-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/komunizden-kapitalizme-estonyada-enerjinin-kisa-tarihcesi-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Kom\u00fcnizden Kapitalizme Estonya\u2019da Enerji\u2019nin K\u0131sa Tarih\u00e7esi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Yazar: Nisa Erg\u00fcden &#8211; (TESPAM Rusya &amp; AB \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Koordinat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kuzey Avrupa&#8217;da bulunan bir Balt\u0131k devletidir. Bat\u0131s\u0131nda ve kuzeyinde Finlandiya K\u00f6rfezi, do\u011fusunda Rusya ve g\u00fcneyinde ise Letonya Cumhuriyeti ile s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ba\u015fkenti Tallinn&#8217;dir. Estonya, yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.5 milyonluk bir n\u00fcfusuyla, Balt\u0131k Devletleri aras\u0131nda geli\u015fmi\u015flik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en ileri durumdaki \u00fclkedir.<br \/>\nEstonya, elektri\u011finin \u00e7o\u011funu kendisi \u00fcretmektedir. Bu \u00fcretimin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 fosil yak\u0131tlara ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Yenilenebilir enerji kullan\u0131m\u0131 ise az seviyededir. \u0130htiya\u00e7 duyulan petrol \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini Bat\u0131 Avrupa ve Rusya\u2019dan ithal etmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Estonya, 29 Mart 2004&#8217;te NATO&#8217;ya, 1 May\u0131s 2004 tarihinde ise Avrupa Birli\u011fi&#8217;ne kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Estonya, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi&#8217;nden ilk ayr\u0131lan \u00fclkedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Estonya\u2018da Enerji<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Estonya t\u00fcketti\u011fi elektri\u011fin yakla\u015f\u0131k %75\u2019ini kendisi \u00fcretmektedir. 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda elektri\u011fin %85\u2019i bit\u00fcml\u00fc \u015fist kullan\u0131larak \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. Odun, torf ve biok\u00fctle gibi alternatif enerji kaynaklar\u0131 birincil enerji \u00fcretiminin yakla\u015f\u0131k %9\u2019luk bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. 2009\u2019da yenilenebilir r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi t\u00fcketilen elektri\u011fin %6\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Estonya ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu petrol \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019dan ve Rusya\u2019dan ithal etmektedir. Bit\u00fcml\u00fc \u015fist enerjisi, telekom\u00fcnikasyon, tekstil, kimyasal \u00fcr\u00fcnler, bankac\u0131l\u0131k, hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, g\u0131da ve bal\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, kereste, gemi in\u015faat\u0131, elektronik \u00fcr\u00fcnler ve ula\u015f\u0131m Estonya ekonomisinin anahtar \u00f6geleridir.<\/p>\n<p>Estonya&#8217;da elektrik \u00fcretimi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde fosil yak\u0131tlara ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda petrol \u015fistinden %90&#8217;dan fazla g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcretildi. Estonya enerji \u015firketi Eesti Energia, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck petrol \u015feylinden olu\u015fan enerji santralleri olan Narva Enerji Santrallerine sahiptir.<\/p>\n<p>1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sovyetler birli\u011finden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanarak ayr\u0131lan Estonya\u2019da fosil yak\u0131tlar i\u00e7erisinde enerji hammaddesi olarak sadece turba ve bit\u00fcml\u00fc \u015feyl kaynaklar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bit\u00fcml\u00fc \u015feyl Estonya enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn bel kemi\u011fi ve kalbidir. \u0130htiyac\u0131 olan elektri\u011fin %93\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc Balti ve Auvere b\u00f6lgelerinde bulunan bit\u00fcml\u00fc \u015feyl yak\u0131tl\u0131 2830 MW kapasiteli termik santrallerden kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r. Estonya\u2019da ilk olarak 1789 y\u0131l\u0131nda ke\u015ffedilen bit\u00fcml\u00fc \u015feyl, ticari olarak 1917 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fcretilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1. D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131na denk gelen bu d\u00f6nemde Almanya ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Balt\u0131k b\u00f6lgesine k\u00f6m\u00fcr ihracat\u0131n\u0131 durdurmu\u015f olmas\u0131 bu \u00fclkelerde enerji krizine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum Balt\u0131k \u00fclkelerini alternatif enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131na itmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00fcnyada en kaliteli ve y\u00fcksek petrol verimine sahip bit\u00fcml\u00fc \u015feyller Avusturalya-Tasmanya\u2019da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Kalite a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan 2. s\u0131ray\u0131 Estonya bit\u00fcml\u00fc \u015feylleri almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/11.png\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-10008 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/11.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"377\" height=\"328\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>YEN\u0130LENEB\u0130L\u0130R ENERJ\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Estonya\u2019da yenilenebilir enerji kullan\u0131m\u0131: G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi %0, R\u00fczgar enerjisi %4.1, Biyok\u00fctle ve kat\u0131 at\u0131k %95.7, Jeotermal enerji %0, Hidroelektrik enerjisi %0.2 \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/12.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10009 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/12.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"675\" height=\"191\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong> ESTONYA T\u0130CARET DURUMU<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ba\u015fl\u0131ca ihracat kalemleri<\/strong>: Elektrikli te\u00e7hizat, kereste ve ah\u015fap \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, \u00e7e\u015fitli imalat \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, tar\u0131m ve g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, maden \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, makine ve aksamlar\u0131<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ba\u015fl\u0131ca ithalat kalemleri<\/strong>: Elektrikli te\u00e7hizat, ula\u015f\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131, maden \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, tar\u0131m ve g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, makine ve aksamlar\u0131, kimyasal \u00fcr\u00fcn ve hammaddeler, baz metal ve metal \u00fcr\u00fcnleri<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130hra\u00e7 edilen ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00fcr\u00fcnler<\/strong>: Demir ve \u00e7elik e\u015fya; motorlu kara ta\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131; ayakkab\u0131<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130thal edilen ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00fcr\u00fcnler<\/strong>: Demir-\u00e7elik d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc ve hurdalar\u0131; elektronik e\u015fyalar; kuyumculuk e\u015fyalar\u0131<\/p>\n<p>Estonya d\u0131\u015f ticaretinin %75\u2019e yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 AB \u00fclkeleri ile yapmaktad\u0131r. BDT \u00fclkeleri ile yap\u0131lan ticaretin toplam d\u0131\u015f ticaretteki pay\u0131 %12, Kuzey Amerika\u2019n\u0131n ise %6 dolay\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00dclkenin ba\u015fl\u0131ca ticaret ortaklar\u0131 Finlandiya, \u0130sve\u00e7, Rusya, Almanya ve Letonya\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/13.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-10010 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/13.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"470\" height=\"347\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0 KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>*<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estonya%27da_enerji\"> https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Estonya%27da_enerji<\/a><\/p>\n<p>* <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mfa.gov.tr\/estonya-ekonomisi.tr.mfa\">http:\/\/www.mfa.gov.tr\/estonya-ekonomisi.tr.mfa<\/a><\/p>\n<p>* <a href=\"http:\/\/www.deik.org.tr\">www.deik.org.tr<\/a><\/p>\n<p>* <a href=\"http:\/\/www.marsenerji.com\/\">http:\/\/www.marsenerji.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yazar: Nisa Erg\u00fcden &#8211; (TESPAM Rusya &amp; AB \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Koordinat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc) Giri\u015f Kuzey Avrupa&#8217;da bulunan bir Balt\u0131k devletidir. Bat\u0131s\u0131nda ve kuzeyinde Finlandiya K\u00f6rfezi, do\u011fusunda Rusya ve g\u00fcneyinde\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_thinkrank_schema_form_data":"","_thinkrank_selected_schema_type":"","_thinkrank_additional_schemas":"","_thinkrank_canonical_url":"","_thinkrank_og_title":"","_thinkrank_og_description":"","_thinkrank_og_image":"","_thinkrank_twitter_title":"","_thinkrank_twitter_description":"","_thinkrank_twitter_image":"","_thinkrank_imported_from":"","_thinkrank_focus_keywords":[],"_thinkrank_focus_keyword":"","_thinkrank_robots_meta_enabled":0,"_thinkrank_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_advanced_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_primary_category":0,"footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[258,106],"tags":[103,1375,1374],"ppma_author":[2016],"class_list":["post-10007","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-avrupa","category-kose-yazilari","tag-enerji","tag-enerji-tarihi","tag-estonya-enerji"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Kom\u00fcnizden Kapitalizme Estonya\u2019da Enerji\u2019nin K\u0131sa Tarih\u00e7esi - T\u00fcrkiye Enerji Stratejileri ve Politikalar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/komunizden-kapitalizme-estonyada-enerjinin-kisa-tarihcesi-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kom\u00fcnizden Kapitalizme Estonya\u2019da Enerji\u2019nin K\u0131sa Tarih\u00e7esi - T\u00fcrkiye Enerji Stratejileri ve Politikalar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Yazar: Nisa Erg\u00fcden &#8211; (TESPAM Rusya &amp; AB \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Koordinat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc) Giri\u015f Kuzey Avrupa&#8217;da bulunan bir Balt\u0131k devletidir. 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