{"id":10426,"date":"2021-09-09T20:52:01","date_gmt":"2021-09-09T17:52:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/tr\/?p=10426"},"modified":"2026-08-07T22:15:14","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T19:15:14","slug":"tarihsel-bir-bakis-acisiyla-turk-dunyasinin-enerji-entegrasyonunun-onemi-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/tarihsel-bir-bakis-acisiyla-turk-dunyasinin-enerji-entegrasyonunun-onemi-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Tarihsel Bir Bak\u0131\u015f A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n Enerji Entegrasyonunun \u00d6nemi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00d6zet<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tarih sayfalar\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman D\u00fcnya tarihinde devletlerin politikalar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde co\u011frafya her zaman belirleyici olmu\u015ftur. Orta Asya (T\u00fcrkistan) D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n ortas\u0131nda yer alan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kara par\u00e7as\u0131 olup, tarihin en eski \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131ndan beri b\u00fcy\u00fck imparatorluklar\u0131n ve medeniyetlerin kurulmas\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f bir co\u011frafyad\u0131r. Orta Asya co\u011frafyas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k iki bu\u00e7uk as\u0131rdan sonra tekrar k\u00fcresel siyasetin odak noktas\u0131ndan biri haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bunda b\u00f6lgedeki enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n pay\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/em><\/p>\n

Anahtar Kelimeler<\/strong>: T\u00fcrkistan, T\u00fcrkiye, \u00c7in, Enerji, Entegrasyon.<\/em><\/p>\n

Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Avrasya co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde stratejik \u00f6nemi sahip olan T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 daha birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6nceye kadar D\u00fcnya d\u00fczenlerinin kuruldu\u011fu ve \u00fclkelerin y\u00f6netildi\u011fi bir merkez konumunda idi. Bug\u00fcn Bat\u0131l\u0131lar\u0131n Orta Asya olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu geni\u015f co\u011frafyada ya\u015fayan halklar tarihte \u00e7o\u011fu zaman Avrasya\u2019ya n\u00fcfuz etmi\u015f ve d\u00fcnya y\u00f6netiminde s\u00f6z sahibi olmu\u015ftu. Bu uzun tarihi s\u00fcre\u00e7te b\u00fcy\u00fck avantajlara sahip olan T\u00fcrkistan co\u011frafyas\u0131 do\u011fu ile bat\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc rol\u00fcn\u00fc oynayarak insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortak bir menfaat ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrde bulu\u015fturma ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ile d\u00fcnyan\u0131n tek kutuplu bir g\u00fc\u00e7 merkezine do\u011fru kaymas\u0131 d\u00fcnya dengeleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sak\u0131ncal\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f ve d\u00fcnya \u00fclkeleri tek kutuplu d\u00fcnya d\u00fczenine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok kutuplu bir d\u00fczen aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7ine girmi\u015ftir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te , Asya\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fcnya siyasetinin ve ekonomik, g\u00fcc\u00fcn pek \u00e7ok y\u00f6nden \u00f6nemli rol oynamaya devam ederken, do\u011fusu da ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin etkisi ile y\u00fckselen siyasi n\u00fcfuzun \u00f6nemli bir merkezi haline gelmi\u015fti. D\u00fcnya dengelerini de\u011fi\u015ftirecek boyutta olan bu de\u011fi\u015fim Avrasya\u2019daki g\u00fc\u00e7 dengelerini de etkileyerek yeni akt\u00f6rlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k %70\u2019ine, d\u00fcnya enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00be\u2019\u00fcne sahip olan Avrasya co\u011frafyas\u0131 tarihten beri k\u00fcresel \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck m\u00fccadelesinin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir satran\u00e7 tahtas\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle stratejik \u00f6neme sahiptir. \u0130kinci cihan harbinden \u00f6nce k\u00fcresel g\u00fcc\u00fc elde etmeyi \u00fcmit eden Adolf Hitler ile Joseph Stalin Kas\u0131m 1940\u2019taki gizli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde Amerika\u2019n\u0131n Avrasya\u2019dan d\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi konusunda anla\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Her ikisi de Avrasya\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n merkezi oldu\u011fu ve Avrasya\u2019y\u0131 kontrol edenin d\u00fcnyay\u0131 da kontrol edece\u011fi varsay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Aradan 70 y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra bu defa Rusya ile \u00c7in Amerika\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6lgeden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in stratejik ortakl\u0131k yapmaktad\u0131r. ABD\u2019nin So\u011fuk sava\u015ftan sonra Ortado\u011fu ve Afganistan\u2019daki politikalar\u0131n\u0131n istenilen ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 sa\u011flayamamas\u0131 Rusya\u2019y\u0131 yan\u0131na alan \u00c7in\u2019in elini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirince Avrasya\u2019daki g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesini de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Bu durumda Amerika\u2019n\u0131n Avrasya\u2019daki \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc uzun s\u00fcre koruyabilmesi art\u0131k zorla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

So\u011fuk sava\u015f d\u00f6nemi sona erdikten sonra Do\u011fu ittifak\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6kerken ABD \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde kurulan Bat\u0131 ittifak\u0131 NATO \u015femsiyesi alt\u0131nda devam etmi\u015fti. Fakat 11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001\u2019deki ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 Bat\u0131 blo\u011fu ile Do\u011fu blo\u011fu aras\u0131nda ciddi bir sorun yaratt\u0131. Bat\u0131da ba\u015f g\u00f6steren \u0130slam kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 s\u00f6ylemler veya \u0130slamofobi Bat\u0131 \u00fclkelerinin inisiyatifiyle kurulan Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki monar\u015fileri bat\u0131dan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rarak Rusya ve \u00c7in\u2019e do\u011fru yana\u015fmalar\u0131na sebep oldu.15 Temmuz 2016\u2019daki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z darbe giri\u015fiminden sonra bir NATO \u00fclkesi olan T\u00fcrkiye ile ABD ve AB \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan gerginlik Avrasya co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir \u00fclkesini Do\u011fu blo\u011funa do\u011fru itince b\u00f6lgesel dinamikler de de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Orta Asya T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyetlerinin Genel Durumu ve \u0130htiya\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Orta Asya T\u00fcrk cumhuriyetleri Asya\u2019n\u0131n kalbinde yer alan denizden uzak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kara par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Bulundu\u011fu konum itibariyle zengin petrol ve do\u011falgaz yata\u011f\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen do\u011falgaz ve petrollerini do\u011frudan uluslararas\u0131 pazara ula\u015ft\u0131racak enerji boru hatlar\u0131 yoktu. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olduklar\u0131nda ula\u015f\u0131m alt yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok eski ve yenilenmesi laz\u0131md\u0131. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi bu cumhuriyetler aras\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmak i\u00e7in yeterli demir ve kara yolu yapmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi d\u00f6neminde b\u00fct\u00fcn yollar ve boru hatlar\u0131 Moskova\u2019ya ba\u011flan\u0131yordu. Mevcut olan demir yollar\u0131 ve oto yollar\u0131 \u00e7ok eski ve i\u015flevsiz durumda idi. Moskova\u2019dan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak cumhuriyetler aras\u0131nda ticaretin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in alt yap\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve yenilenmesi laz\u0131md\u0131. Fakat bunu yapabilecek ekonomik g\u00fc\u00e7leri yoktu. Karde\u015f cumhuriyetlerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ilk olarak tan\u0131yan ve b\u00f6lgeye yumu\u015fak bir g\u00fc\u00e7 ile giren T\u00fcrkiye cumhuriyetinin ise Orta Asya T\u00fcrk cumhuriyetlerinin alt yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yenilenmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flayacak ekonomik g\u00fcc\u00fc veya yat\u0131r\u0131m projesi yoktu.1993\u2019te Turgut \u00d6zal\u2019in an\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle T\u00fcrkiye siyasi ve ekonomik krizlerle i\u00e7e kapan\u0131nca b\u00f6lgede olu\u015fan g\u00fc\u00e7 bo\u015flu\u011funu b\u00fcy\u00fck enerji a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan \u00c7in doldurmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ve Orta Asya T\u00fcrk cumhuriyetlerinin alt yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yenilenmesini finans ederek Orta Asya T\u00fcrk cumhuriyetlerinin h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri ile s\u0131cak ili\u015fkiler kurdu.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6lgeyi arka bah\u00e7esi olarak g\u00f6ren Rusya ile \u0130ran enerji ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131s\u0131 \u00fclkeler de\u011fildi ve kendi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 gidermenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ihra\u00e7 ediyorlard\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye ise enerjide d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bir \u00fclke olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen enerji nakil hatlar\u0131 yapma potansiyeline sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkmenistan ve Kazakistan \u00c7in ile tek tarafl\u0131 enerji anla\u015fmas\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7in T\u00fcrkmenistan\u2019dan \u00c7in\u2019e do\u011falgaz boru hatt\u0131 yaparken Kazakistan ile Hazar petrollerini \u00c7in\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in petrol boru hatt\u0131 yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in Orta Asya\u2019ya Y\u00f6nelik Stratejik Hedefi ve \u0130htiyac\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7in 4000 y\u0131ll\u0131k tarihi boyunca do\u011fusu Asya Pasifik\u2019e k\u0131y\u0131da\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen hi\u00e7bir zaman bir deniz \u00fclkesi olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Japonya ve Kore gibi kom\u015fular\u0131 ile denizde rekabet etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tarihi boyunca bir deniz g\u00fcc\u00fc olamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hep karasal bir \u00fclke olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ta ki 1978\u2019de Deng Xiao-ping\u2019in reform hareketini ba\u015flatarak deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlar yapmas\u0131na kadar.
\n\u00c7ini, 1978\u2019de yola koydu\u011fu \u201cD\u0131\u015fa A\u00e7\u0131lma ve Reform\u201d politikalar\u0131yla uluslararas\u0131 arenada etkili bir yer edinmi\u015ftir. Devasa ekonomisi ve \u00e7ok kalabal\u0131k n\u00fcfusuyla d\u0131\u015f ticaret ve rekabette liberal, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kapal\u0131 ve otoriter devlet yap\u0131s\u0131 ile \u00c7in g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde b\u00f6lgesellik temelinde global \u00f6l\u00e7ekte bir politika izlemektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in, Orta Asya Cumhuriyetleri\u2019nin tamam\u0131n\u0131 1992 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f ve bu \u00fclkelerle diplomatik ili\u015fkiler kurmu\u015f, \u00f6zellikle s\u0131n\u0131r sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc, b\u00f6lgedeki etnik ve dini \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesi ve \u00fclkeleraras\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011finin geli\u015ftirilmesi sorunlar\u0131na odaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2000\u2019li y\u0131llardan itibaren \u00c7in\u2019in Orta Asya\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik politikas\u0131 meyvelerini vermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f \u00c7in, Orta Asya\u2019daki hemen hemen t\u00fcm \u00fclkeler ile diplomatik, ekonomik ve g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u0131k\u0131 ili\u015fkiler kurarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan b\u00f6lgenin en \u00f6nemli akt\u00f6r\u00fc olmay\u0131 ba\u015farabilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’ne \u00fcye olduktan sonra \u00c7in, do\u011frudan yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar aras\u0131nda h\u0131zla y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00c7in Bat\u0131 ile anla\u015farak \u00c7in\u2019de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir reform ba\u015flatt\u0131. Bat\u0131n\u0131n transfer etti\u011fi sermaye ile teknolojiden yaralanan \u00c7in do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7arak olabildi\u011fince kalk\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7in Deng Xiao-ping ile birlikte deniz merkezli bir ticarete a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vererek ekonomisinin bel kemi\u011fini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi. Fakat \u00c7in\u2019in do\u011fusu kalk\u0131n\u0131rken orta ve bat\u0131 kesimi ise do\u011funun refah\u0131ndan pay\u0131n\u0131 alamad\u0131. \u00dclke i\u00e7inde e\u015fitsizlik artt\u0131 ve bu \u00c7in\u2019de ciddi bir sosyal huzursuzluk yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bilindi\u011fi gibi me\u015frutiyetin temeli refaht\u0131r ve onun e\u015fit da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 laz\u0131m. Dolays\u0131yla \u00c7in, Jiang Zemin ve Hu Jintao d\u00f6nemlerinde \u201cBat\u0131y\u0131 Kalk\u0131nd\u0131rma\u201d seferberli\u011fi ba\u015flatt\u0131.Bu seferberlik ile \u00c7in\u2019in bar\u0131s\u0131ndaki Gansu, Qinghai,\u0130\u00e7 Mo\u011folistan, Ningxia ve Uygur \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgesine ciddi yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yat\u0131rd\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc altyap\u0131 olu\u015fturuldu. Asl\u0131nda bu Ku\u015fak ve Yol Projesi i\u00e7in at\u0131lan ilk ad\u0131mlard\u0131. Xi Jin-ping \u00fclke y\u00f6netimini ele ald\u0131ktan sonra \u00c7in\u2019in do\u011fusu ile bat\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmi\u015flik fark\u0131n\u0131 kapatmak, \u00c7in\u2019deki \u00fcretim fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 biriken mallar\u0131n\u0131 daha kolay ve h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde d\u00fcnya pazarlar\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131rmak ve giderek keskinle\u015fen ABD \u00c7in aras\u0131ndaki rekabetten dolay\u0131 \u00c7in Pazar ve g\u00fcvenli enerji g\u00fczergah aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na girdi ve 2013\u2019te Ku\u015fak ve Yol Projesini ilan etti.<\/p>\n

ABD\u2019in g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc Asya Pasifik\u2019e kayd\u0131rarak G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi\u2019ndeki ge\u00e7i\u015f g\u00fczerg\u00e2hlar\u0131na konu\u015flan\u0131nca b\u00fcy\u00fck bir enerji ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131 olan \u00c7in asr\u0131n projesi olarak da bilinen Ku\u015fak ve Yol Projesini ilan ederek biran \u00f6nce projeyi hayata ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in Avrasya\u2019da \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck siyasi ve ekonomik ata\u011fa ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

Anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi Bir Ku\u015fak Bir Yol tek ba\u015f\u0131na bir kalk\u0131nma projesi de\u011fildir. O \u00c7in\u2019in bir Grand Stratejisidir. \u00c7in\u2019in ulusal \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 ve i\u00e7 g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in s\u00f6z konusu proje hayat\u0131 \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bunun i\u00e7in \u00c7in bu projeye engel te\u015fkil edecek herhangi bir riskle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmamak i\u00e7in elinden gelen t\u00fcm imkan\u0131 kullanmaktan \u00e7ekinmemektedir. \u00c7in\u2019in buradaki temel amac\u0131 bir taraftan ticareti geli\u015ftirmek ve enerji g\u00fczergahlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak ise di\u011fer taraftan ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fini azami \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde korumaktan ibarettir. \u00c7in\u2019in ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fini korumak ad\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc tedbirlerin ve \u00c7in\u2019e kom\u015fu olan Orta Asya T\u00fcrk cumhuriyetleri ve Ku\u015fak Yol Projesi ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00c7in ile bor\u00e7 diplomasisi g\u00f6lgesinde t\u00fcrl\u00fc anla\u015fmalar yapan \u00fclkelerin ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ne gibi riskler ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da hat\u0131rlatmakta fayda vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Enerji Entegrasyonu S\u00fcrecinde T\u00fcrkiye ve T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkileri<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019in ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi Do\u011fu blo\u011fu ile Almanya ve Fransa\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi Bat\u0131 blo\u011funun ortas\u0131nda yer alan stratejik b\u00f6lgedir. Do\u011fu ile Bat\u0131 blo\u011funun sahip oldu\u011fu ekonomik ve teknolojik alt yap\u0131ya sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in pazarl\u0131k g\u00fcc\u00fc zay\u0131f kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Avrupa Birli\u011fi ile olan ili\u015fkilerinin gergin gitmesi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin B\u00f6lgede Rusya ve \u00c7in ile olan ili\u015fkilerde elini zay\u0131flatmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7in kendi merkezli bir d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni isterken Rusya da eski Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin bir varisi olarak b\u00f6lgedeki hegomanyas\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7abalamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrkistan ile olan entegrasyonu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u0130ran ile olan ili\u015fkilerini s\u0131k\u0131 tutmas\u0131 laz\u0131m. Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f meselesinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin karde\u015f \u00fclke Azerbaycan ile ortak hareket etmesi \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 rahats\u0131z etmi\u015f g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130ran\u2019da n\u00fcfusun \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 bizim G\u00fcney T\u00fcrkistan dedi\u011fimiz b\u00f6lgedeki T\u00fcrkler olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetinin cumhur ba\u015fkan\u0131 Say\u0131n Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n Azerbaycan\u2019da okudu\u011fu \u201cAraz\u2019\u0131 Ay\u0131rd\u0131lar\u201d \u015fiiri Tahran y\u00f6netimini rahats\u0131z etmi\u015ftir. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da Rusya ve \u00c7in\u2019den ba\u015fka 3.bir g\u00fcc\u00fc istemedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu durumda \u00c7in-Rusya aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kalan T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiyesiz bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yolu bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Hazar-Kafkasya ve T\u00fcrkistan \u00fczerindeki etkisini kal\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in D\u0131\u015f politikada d\u00fczg\u00fcn ve d\u00fczenli strateji belirlerse b\u00f6lgedeki rakiplerine g\u00f6re ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olma \u015fans\u0131 y\u00fcksektir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri ile ayn\u0131 tarih ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc payla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in Rusya ve \u00c7in\u2019e g\u00f6re avantajl\u0131 durumdad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin b\u00f6lgedeki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ran ile Rusya\u2019n\u0131n co\u011frafya \u00fczerinden ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kesece\u011fi i\u00e7in Rusya ile \u0130ran stratejik ittifak kurmu\u015f vaziyettedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin b\u00f6yle bir hamle yapmas\u0131 elbette baz\u0131 riskleri ta\u015f\u0131yabilir. Fakat T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 y\u0131ldan beri T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da giderek artan yumu\u015fak g\u00fcc\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin elini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi\u011finden risklerde \u00f6ncekisine g\u00f6re azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 29 y\u0131ldan beri Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n i\u015fgal alt\u0131nda bulunan Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 bunun bir g\u00f6stergesidir. Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131n geri al\u0131nmas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a ba\u011flayan stratejik bir ad\u0131m olarak kabul ediliyor.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fckselen Asya\u2019da T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 parlayan bir y\u0131ld\u0131z olacak m\u0131? Sorusunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 verecek olursak T\u00fcrkiyesiz olmaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00f6lge yakla\u015f\u0131k bir bu\u00e7uk as\u0131rdan beri Rus ve \u00c7in taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Ne Rusya ne \u00c7in T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131 arka bah\u00e7esi yapmaktan vaz ge\u00e7mez. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu iki \u00fclke T\u00fcrk cumhuriyetlerine b\u00f6yle bir \u015fans tan\u0131mak istemez. Ama geli\u015fen \u015fartlar Rusya ile \u00c7in\u2019in T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 meselesinde yol ayr\u0131m\u0131na d\u00fc\u015febilece\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. \u00c7in g\u00fc\u00e7lendik\u00e7e Rusya\u2019n\u0131n arka bah\u00e7eleri olan Orta Asya\u2019da hem de G\u00fcney Sibirya b\u00f6lgesine sinip girmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n halihaz\u0131rda \u00c7in\u2019in bu yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 gelmesi imkans\u0131z g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor. Bu y\u00fczden Rusya\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin T\u00fcrkistan b\u00f6lgesi ile olan ili\u015fkilerine eskisi gibi engel \u00e7\u0131karmaya meyilli olmayaca\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 blo\u011funun ortas\u0131nda d\u00fcnya bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in dengeleyici bir unsur olabilir mi?<\/em><\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 kendi i\u00e7inde do\u011fal olarak birbirini tamaml\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiye enerji ihtiyac\u0131 olan bir \u00fclke. \u00dcstelik T\u00fcrkiye \u00fczerinden Avrupa\u2019ya enerji satmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Orta Asya T\u00fcrk cumhuriyetlerinin ise enerji pazar\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131 var. Onun i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye hem kendi enerji ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak hem de karde\u015f \u00fclkelerin T\u00fcrkiye \u00fczerinden enerji pazar\u0131na ve a\u00e7\u0131k denize ula\u015fma imkan\u0131 var. Onun i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye ile T\u00fcrk cumhuriyetleri aras\u0131nda somut projeler yap\u0131larak uygulanmas\u0131 elzemdir. T\u00fcrkiye ile Orta Asya T\u00fcrk cumhuriyetlerinin ayn\u0131 k\u00f6kten ve ayn\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrden gelmi\u015f olmalar\u0131 her iki tarafa b\u00f6lgedeki di\u011fer devletlere g\u00f6re b\u00fcy\u00fck avantajlar sunuyor. T\u00fcrkiye ve Orta Asya T\u00fcrk \u00fclkeleri kendi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir \u00fclkeye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n somut projelerle kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 gerekiyor. Orta Asya T\u00fcrk cumhuriyetleri T\u00fcrkiye ile birlikte hem g\u00fcney Asya, \u0130ran, Pakistan ve Hindistan gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck pazarlara a\u00e7\u0131lmal\u0131 hem de Hazar \u00fczerinden Avrupa pazarlar\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131 laz\u0131m. T\u00fcrkiye ciddi projelerle T\u00fcrkistan\u2019daki enerji pastas\u0131ndan pay\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde ekonomideki cari a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ciddi manada kapatabilir. Hem de enerji temininde farkl\u0131 alternatiflere sahip olarak elini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir ve b\u00f6lgedeki Jeo-Stratejik g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc artt\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n

Orta Asya enerjisini Hindistan\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131mak Afganistan\u2019daki istikrars\u0131zl\u0131ktan dolay\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131z hale gelmi\u015ftir. Tek alternatif ise \u0130ran \u00fczerinden Hazar\u2019a ge\u00e7irip T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ula\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye ve T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n enerji entegrasyonu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu bulunmaz bir f\u0131rsatt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Fakat ekonomik yetersizlik ve alt yap\u0131 sorunlar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye ile T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 aras\u0131nda hen\u00fcz istenilen d\u00fczeyde ortakl\u0131k yok. Birlikte proje \u00fcretmeleri i\u00e7in yeteri kadar yat\u0131r\u0131m yat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131yor. Bu durum b\u00f6lgedeki rakip \u00fclkeler \u00f6zellikle d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ikinci ekonomik g\u00fcc\u00fc olan \u00c7in\u2019e f\u0131rsat yaratmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7in ile yap\u0131lacak tek tarafl\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ve Orta Asya T\u00fcrk cumhuriyetlerin elini zay\u0131flatmakta ve bor\u00e7 tuza\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmesine sebep olmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerini t\u0131pk\u0131 Sri Lanka, Kenya, Pakistan ve Nepal gibi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lara sokabilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00c7in yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in her \u015feyi yapmaya muktedir oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek hareket etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bulundu\u011fumuz a\u015famada ne T\u00fcrkiye ne de Orta Asya T\u00fcrk cumhuriyetleri her hangi bir \u00fclke ile tek tarafl\u0131 anla\u015fmalar yaparak ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 kalmamal\u0131d\u0131r. E\u015fit \u015fartlarda yap\u0131lmayan tek tarafl\u0131 anla\u015fmalar \u00fclkelerin ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan risk ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Tek tarafl\u0131 anla\u015fmalar ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k yapar ve alternatif yol b\u0131rak\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 pazarl\u0131k g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn zay\u0131flamas\u0131n\u0131 neden olur. Halihaz\u0131rda Rusya, T\u00fcrkiye ve \u0130ran dahil b\u00f6lgedeki \u00fclkeler tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00c7in ile pazarl\u0131k g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip de\u011fildir. Dolays\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye pazarl\u0131k g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk \u015firketlerinin Orta Asya T\u00fcrk cumhuriyetlerinde \u00f6zellikle enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olan T\u00fcrkmenistan, Kazakistan ve \u00d6zbekistan gibi \u00fclkelere yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmeli ve gerekirse entegrasyonu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in devlet deste\u011fi verilmeli. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc burada talep ve arz vard\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye ve Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n enerjiye, Orta Asya T\u00fcrk cumhuriyetlerinin ise alternatif enerji pazarlar\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. Kazakistan, T\u00fcrkmenistan ve Azerbaycan gibi T\u00fcrk cumhuriyetlerinin do\u011falgaz ve petrolleri Hazar \u00fczerinden T\u00fcrkiye ve Avrupa pazarlar\u0131na ula\u015fabilecektir. B\u00f6yle bir yat\u0131r\u0131m taraflara ekonomik ve siyasi g\u00fc\u00e7 kazand\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Prof. Dr. V\u00e2ris \u00c7AKAN<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00d6zet Tarih sayfalar\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman D\u00fcnya tarihinde devletlerin politikalar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde co\u011frafya her zaman belirleyici olmu\u015ftur. 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