{"id":10742,"date":"2021-11-15T12:17:07","date_gmt":"2021-11-15T09:17:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/tr\/?p=10742"},"modified":"2026-08-07T22:15:12","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T19:15:12","slug":"kuresel-enerji-krizi-ve-enerji-krizinin-ulkemize-yansimalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/kuresel-enerji-krizi-ve-enerji-krizinin-ulkemize-yansimalari\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00fcresel Enerji\u0307 Kri\u0307zi\u0307 Ve Enerji\u0307 Kri\u0307zi\u0307ni\u0307n \u00dclkemi\u0307ze Yansimalari"},"content":{"rendered":"

G\u00f6ksel TOPAL \u2013 ENERJ\u0130 S\u0130STEMLER\u0130 M\u00dcHEND\u0130S\u0130<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz Ekim ay\u0131 elektrik piyasalar\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a hareketli ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Eyl\u00fcl d\u00f6neminin son haftalar\u0131nda Amerika, \u00c7in ve Rusya\u2019da ya\u015fanan do\u011falgaz ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr krizinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak k\u00fcresel bazda enerji krizi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda ya\u015fanan k\u00fcresel enerji krizinin temel nedenlerinden bahsedilmi\u015f olup bu krizin elektrik piyasalar\u0131na olan etkileri incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

ENERJ\u0130 KR\u0130Z\u0130N\u0130N SEBEPLER\u0130;<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada ve \u00fclkemizde etkili olan kurakl\u0131k sebebiyle Hidroelektrik santrallerin rezervleri istenilen doluluk seviyelerine ula\u015famam\u0131\u015f ve tam kapasite elektrik enerjisi \u00fcretimi yapamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. R\u00fczg\u00e2r, G\u00fcne\u015f ve Jeotermal gibi yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n elektrik \u00fcretimi beklenenin alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Avrupa \u00fclkeleri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer \u00fclkeler elektrik arz\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in do\u011falgaz ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr kaynakl\u0131 baz y\u00fck (talep an\u0131nda k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede devreye girip talebi kar\u015f\u0131layan) santrallerini devreye alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Santrallerde, elektrik enerjisi \u00fcretimini artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan k\u00f6m\u00fcr talebinin artmas\u0131yla \u00fclkeler alternatif k\u00f6m\u00fcr aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zetleyecek olursak yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n elektrik enerjisi \u00fcretiminde beklenin alt\u0131na kalmas\u0131 fosil yak\u0131t kaynakl\u0131 santrallerin devreye girmesine sebep olmu\u015ftur. Bunun sonucunda Ekim ay\u0131nda k\u00f6m\u00fcr fiyatlar\u0131 y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re %161, do\u011falgaz fiyatlar\u0131 ise %101 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Grafik 1. 2020 \u2013 2021 Y\u0131llar\u0131 K\u00f6m\u00fcr Birim Fiyatlar\u0131 (usd\/ton)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

2. Santrallerde k\u00f6m\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131, \u00fclkelerin karbon ayakizi, karbon vergisi ve emisyon de\u011ferlerini artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durumun olas\u0131 bir iklim krizine de sebep olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in Avrupa\u2019da farkl\u0131 politika ad\u0131mlar\u0131 at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra santrallerde kullan\u0131lan Do\u011falgaz\u0131n Avrupa\u2019daki yer atl\u0131 rezervleri son 3 y\u0131l\u0131n en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyelerine kadar inmi\u015ftir. Elektrik ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan do\u011falgaza talebin artmas\u0131yla do\u011falgaz fiyatlar\u0131 y\u00fcksek seviyelere \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131\u015f mevsiminin ba\u015flamas\u0131yla \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemlerde elektrik \u00fcretimi ve \u0131s\u0131nma ama\u00e7l\u0131 do\u011falgaz t\u00fcketimindeki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n do\u011falgaz fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 daha da y\u00fckseltece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Grafik 2. 2020 \u2013 2021 Y\u0131llar\u0131 Do\u011falgaz Birim Fiyatlar\u0131 (usd\/m3)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

3. Amerika\u2019daki petrol \u015firketleri, yeni yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lara kardan pay hakk\u0131 vermemesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00e7evre politikalar\u0131 gere\u011fi yeni yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 durdurmu\u015ftur. Ekim ay\u0131nda brent petrol fiyat\u0131 y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re %52 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Grafik 3. 2021 Y\u0131llar\u0131 Brent Petrol Birim Fiyatlar\u0131 (usd\/m3)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

4. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131na beklenenden h\u0131zl\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015f, fosil yak\u0131t kaynakl\u0131 santrallere olan yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 azaltmas\u0131 elektrik enerji \u00fcretimin kaynak \u00e7e\u015fitli\u011finin azalmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

SONU\u00c7LARI;<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel \u00e7apta ya\u015fanan Enerji krizinin etkileri Avrupa, Asya, \u00c7in, Amerika ve \u0130ngiltere olmak \u00fczere \u00fclkemizde de hissedilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7in\u2019de artan k\u00f6m\u00fcr fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 elektrik arz\u0131 krizine ge\u00e7ici \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak; \u00c7in\u2019in 31 eyaletinde, 20 fabrikada ve evlerde aral\u0131kl\u0131 olarak elektrik kesintileri ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun sonucunda k\u00fcresel imalat zincirindeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, orta ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli i\u015fletmeler \u00fcretimine ara vermek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7in bu krizin \u00fcstesinden gelebilmek i\u00e7in kapanan k\u00f6m\u00fcr madenlerini a\u00e7arak, k\u00f6m\u00fcr yak\u0131tl\u0131 termik santrallerini devreye alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Rusya ise Ukrayna\u2019y\u0131 geri planda b\u0131rakarak ihracat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc Kuzey ak\u0131m 2 ve T\u00fcrk ak\u0131m 2 boru hatlar\u0131na kayd\u0131rmay\u0131 planlam\u0131\u015f ve Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n do\u011falgaz ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilece\u011fini g\u00fcndeme getirmi\u015ftir.T\u00fcrkiye do\u011falgaz ve \u0131s\u0131l de\u011feri y\u00fcksek k\u00f6m\u00fcr kaynaklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan enerjide d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bir \u00fclke konumunda oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in k\u00fcresel krizden b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilenmi\u015f ve \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemlerde de etkilenmeye devam edecektir.<\/p>\n

\u00dcLKEM\u0130ZE ENERJ\u0130 KR\u0130Z\u0130N\u0130N YANSIMALARI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ekim ay\u0131nda elektrik enerjisi talebimizin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc %41 ile do\u011falgazdan kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f olup bu oran\u0131 %10 ile ithal k\u00f6m\u00fcr takip etmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca k\u00f6m\u00fcr krizinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fclkemizdeki ithal k\u00f6m\u00fcr yak\u0131tl\u0131 santralleri etkileyerek, santrallerin k\u00f6m\u00fcr ithalat\u0131n\u0131 durdurup mevcut k\u00f6m\u00fcr rezervlerini kullanmak zorunda b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda elektrik \u00fcretiminde ithal k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn %15 olan pay\u0131 ekim ay\u0131nda %10 seviyelerine kadar gerilemi\u015ftir. Do\u011falgaz ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr fiyatlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015fa ek olarak y\u00fcksek t\u00fcketimli ticarethane ve sanayi abone grubundaki t\u00fcketicilerin t\u00fcketim miktarlar\u0131 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Artan t\u00fcketime ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak olu\u015fan enerji talebini kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in \u00fclkemizdeki baz y\u00fck santralleri devreye al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Grafik 4. Eyl\u00fcl \u2013 Ekim Elektrik Enerjisi \u00dcretimini K\u0131r\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

ENERJ\u0130 KAYNAKLARININ B\u0130R\u0130M MAL\u0130YETLER\u0130N\u0130N ARTMASININ ELEKTR\u0130K P\u0130YASINA ETK\u0130S\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Elektrik Piyasas\u0131nda Piyasa Takas Fiyat\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n nedenleri;<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 Santrallerde kullan\u0131lan Do\u011falgaz ve K\u00f6m\u00fcr birim maliyetlerinin art\u0131\u015f\u0131
\n\u2022 D\u00f6viz kurlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f,
\n\u2022 Kurakl\u0131k sebebiyle yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n talebi kar\u015f\u0131layamamas\u0131
\n\u2022 Kaynak \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011findeki yetersizlik
\n\u2022 Ekim ay\u0131nda elektrik santralleri i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan do\u011falgaza yap\u0131lan %46.8\u2019lik zam<\/p>\n

Artan do\u011falgaz ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr maliyetleri, d\u00f6viz kurlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f, kurakl\u0131k sebebiyle yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n talebi kar\u015f\u0131layamamas\u0131, kaynak \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011findeki yetersizlik ve Ekim ay\u0131nda elektrik santralleri i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan do\u011falgaza yap\u0131lan %46.8\u2019lik zam elektrik piyasalar\u0131ndaki piyasa takas fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 rekor seviyelere \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dclkemizdeki kurakl\u0131k ve barajlardaki su seviyelerinin ge\u00e7mi\u015f d\u00f6nemlere g\u00f6re azalmas\u0131 YEKDEM birim fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemez bir \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu iki durum (PTF+YEKDEM) \u00fczerinden ikili anla\u015fma yapan \u00f6zellikle t\u00fcketimi y\u00fcksek olan Sanayi abone grubu t\u00fcketicileri olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkilemi\u015f olup Ekim, Kas\u0131m ve Aral\u0131k d\u00f6nemlerini i\u00e7in Ulusal tarife fiyatlar\u0131na g\u00f6re dezavantajl\u0131 olmalar\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur. Serbest t\u00fcketici portf\u00f6y\u00fc olan Elektrik tedarik\u00e7ilerinin t\u00fcketiciler ile olan tedarik anla\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00f6n g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen maliyet art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 sebebiyle tek tarafl\u0131 feshedilmi\u015f yada marjlar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015flar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Grafik 5. K\u00f6m\u00fcr ve Do\u011falgaz Fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n Ortalama Piyasa Takas Fiyat\u0131 (PTF)\u2019ye etkileri<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizdeki kurakl\u0131k ve barajlardaki su seviyelerinin ge\u00e7mi\u015f d\u00f6nemlere g\u00f6re azalmas\u0131 YEKDEM birim maliyetlerini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemez bir \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

(PTF+YEKDEM) ve Sabit Fiyat \u00fczerinden ikili anla\u015fma yapan \u00f6zellikle t\u00fcketimi y\u00fcksek olan Sanayi ve Ticarethane abone grubundaki t\u00fcketiciler olu\u015fan bu durumdan olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkilemi\u015ftir. Bu durum, Kas\u0131m ve Aral\u0131k d\u00f6nemlerinde Sanayi ve Ticarethane abone grubu t\u00fcketicilerinin ulusal tarife fiyatlar\u0131na g\u00f6re dezavantajl\u0131 olmalar\u0131na sebep olacakt\u0131r. Serbest t\u00fcketici portf\u00f6y\u00fc olan elektrik tedarik firmalar\u0131, t\u00fcketiciler ile yapt\u0131klar\u0131 tedarik anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen maliyet art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 sebebiyle tek tarafl\u0131 feshetmi\u015fler ya da marjlar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mevcut durumlar incelendi\u011finde 2022 Y\u0131l\u0131 Ocak ay\u0131nda Enerji birim bedellerinde zam ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olacakt\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek t\u00fcketimli Ticarethane ve Sanayi aboneliklerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra mesken abone grubu da bu zamdan etkilenece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Grafik 6. PTF+YEKDEM) Fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n Art\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

EK\u0130M AYI ELEKTR\u0130K P\u0130YASASI \u00d6ZET\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Grafik 7. Eyl\u00fcl \u2013 Ekim D\u00f6nemleri Piyasa takas Fiyatlar\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u2022 Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131na g\u00f6re PTF %29 art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.
\n\u2022 23 Ekim\u2019de G\u00fcnl\u00fck PTF ortalamas\u0131 907,48 TL\/MWh ile maksimum seviyeye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Ekim ay\u0131 PTF ortalamas\u0131 669,93 TL\/MWh ve AOPTF 671,09 olarak hesaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Ekim 2020 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re Ortalama PTF %114 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u2022 \u00d6nceki y\u0131l PTF maksimum 440,34 TL\/MWh seviyelerinde iken 2021 d\u00f6neminde 907,43 TL\/MWh seviyelerine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

KAYNAKLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. https:\/\/seffaflik.epias.com.tr\/transparency\/uretim\/planlama\/kgup.xhtml<\/a>
\n2. https:\/\/rapor.epias.com.tr\/rapor\/xhtml\/ptfSmfDonemlik.xhtml<\/a>
\n3. https:\/\/rapor.epias.com.tr\/rapor\/xhtml\/yekdemBirimMaliyeti.xhtml<\/a>
\n4. https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/commodity\/coal<\/a>
\n5. https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/commodity\/natural-gas<\/a>
\n6. https:\/\/www.cnnturk.com\/ekonomi\/kuresel-enerji-krizi-geliyor-iste-4-maddede-enerji-krizinin-nedenleri<\/a>
\n7. https:\/\/www.yenisafak.com\/dunya\/cindeki-enerji-krizi-komur-rekoltesini-artirdi-3711204<\/a>
\n8. https:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/dunya\/kuresel-enerji-krizi-neden-ortaya-cikti-ve-turkiyeye-zam-acisindan-nasil-yansiyacak-1877533<\/a><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

G\u00f6ksel TOPAL \u2013 ENERJ\u0130 S\u0130STEMLER\u0130 M\u00dcHEND\u0130S\u0130 Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz Ekim ay\u0131 elektrik piyasalar\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a hareketli ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Eyl\u00fcl d\u00f6neminin son haftalar\u0131nda Amerika, \u00c7in ve Rusya\u2019da ya\u015fanan do\u011falgaz ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr krizinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_thinkrank_schema_form_data":"","_thinkrank_selected_schema_type":"","_thinkrank_additional_schemas":"","_thinkrank_canonical_url":"","_thinkrank_og_title":"","_thinkrank_og_description":"","_thinkrank_og_image":"","_thinkrank_twitter_title":"","_thinkrank_twitter_description":"","_thinkrank_twitter_image":"","_thinkrank_imported_from":"","_thinkrank_focus_keywords":[],"_thinkrank_focus_keyword":"","_thinkrank_robots_meta_enabled":0,"_thinkrank_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_advanced_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_primary_category":0,"footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[1090,988,106],"tags":[1273,816],"ppma_author":[2016],"class_list":["post-10742","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bolgesine-gore","category-iklim-cevre","category-kose-yazilari","tag-goksel-topal","tag-kuresel-enerji"],"yoast_head":"\nK\u00fcresel Enerji\u0307 Kri\u0307zi\u0307 Ve Enerji\u0307 Kri\u0307zi\u0307ni\u0307n \u00dclkemi\u0307ze Yansimalari - T\u00fcrkiye Enerji Stratejileri ve Politikalar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/kuresel-enerji-krizi-ve-enerji-krizinin-ulkemize-yansimalari\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"K\u00fcresel Enerji\u0307 Kri\u0307zi\u0307 Ve Enerji\u0307 Kri\u0307zi\u0307ni\u0307n \u00dclkemi\u0307ze Yansimalari - T\u00fcrkiye Enerji Stratejileri ve Politikalar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"G\u00f6ksel TOPAL \u2013 ENERJ\u0130 S\u0130STEMLER\u0130 M\u00dcHEND\u0130S\u0130 Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz Ekim ay\u0131 elektrik piyasalar\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a hareketli ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. 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