{"id":10825,"date":"2021-12-08T20:56:40","date_gmt":"2021-12-08T17:56:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/tr\/?p=10825"},"modified":"2026-08-07T22:15:11","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T19:15:11","slug":"2000-sonrasi-rusyanin-arktika-politikasi-ve-yasal-duzenlemeleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/2000-sonrasi-rusyanin-arktika-politikasi-ve-yasal-duzenlemeleri\/","title":{"rendered":"2000 Sonrasi Rusya\u2019nin Arkti\u0307ka Poli\u0307ti\u0307kasi Ve Yasal D\u00fczenlemeleri\u0307"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hasibe Tu\u011f\u00e7e TA\u015eIK<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Co\u011frafi konumu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda Rusya, Kuzey Buz Denizi\u2019ne do\u011frudan k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 olan be\u015f \u00fclkeden biridir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Arktik b\u00f6lgede en fazla kara s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na sahip olan \u00fclkedir. Yaln\u0131zca Arktik k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu 22 bin km\u2019dir ve bu b\u00f6lgede 9 milyon km2\u2019lik bir alanda 2,5 milyondan fazla n\u00fcfusa sahiptir. Ki bu n\u00fcfus \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun %2\u2019sinden daha az\u0131na tekab\u00fcl ederken, Arktik n\u00fcfusun % 40\u2019\u0131na denk gelmektedir.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 hukuka uygun olarak egemen hak ve yarg\u0131 alanlar\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesinin tarihi, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Arktik b\u00f6lgelerinin ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 biti\u015fik i\u00e7 sular, kara ve adalar, karasular\u0131, m\u00fcnhas\u0131r ekonomik b\u00f6lge ve Rusya Federasyonu’nun k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere, Kuzey Kutbu’nun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren resmi kararlar 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edilen \u20182020 ve Sonras\u0131 D\u00f6nem i\u00e7in Kuzey Kutbu’nda Rusya Devlet Politikas\u0131n\u0131n Temelleri\u2019 resmi dok\u00fcman\u0131nda ve\u00a0 di\u011fer h\u00fck\u00fcmet belgelerinde belirtilmi\u015ftir.[2]<\/a> Bu belgeye\u00a0 de uygun olarak Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Arktika k\u0131sm\u0131, tamam\u0131 ya da bir k\u0131sm\u0131 dahil olacak \u015fekilde, Saha Cumhuriyeti (Yakutistan), Murmansk ve Arkhangelsk alanlar\u0131, Krasnoyarsk b\u00f6lgesi, Nenets, Yamalo-Nenets ve \u00c7ukotka \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgesi \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgeleri olarak belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ancak daha \u00f6ncesinde Sovyetler d\u00f6neminde ilk olarak 15 Nisan 1926 tarihli SSCB Merkez Y\u00fcr\u00fctme Komitesi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00abSSCB’nin Arktik Okyanusu’nda bulunan topraklar\u0131n ve adalar\u0131n topraklar\u0131n\u0131n ilan edilmesine ili\u015fkin\u00bb karar\u0131nda belirtilmi\u015ftir. 22 Nisan 1989 tarihli SSCB Bakanlar Konseyi Kuzey Kutup \u0130\u015fleri Devlet Komisyonu karar\u0131 ile bu topraklara biti\u015fik topraklar ve adalar belirlendi. Ayr\u0131ca M\u00fcnhas\u0131r ekonomik b\u00f6lge ve k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde, Rusya Federasyonu, 1982 BM Deniz Hukuku S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi uyar\u0131nca egemen hak ve yarg\u0131 yetkisine sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Arktika\u2019n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu do\u011fal kaynaklar ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere k\u00fcresel iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi nedeniyle deniz ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n kuzeye kaymas\u0131, yeni bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma sahalar\u0131n\u0131n ve ekonomik sahalar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin \u00f6nemini artt\u0131rmakla birlikte Rusya\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6lgeye y\u00f6nelik yeni ad\u0131mlar atmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir. 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rusya, BM\u2019ye ba\u015fvuruda bulunarak Kuzey Buz Denizi\u2019ndeki k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmek istedi. Arg\u00fcman olarak ise Lomonosov ve Mendelev s\u0131rtlar\u0131n\u0131n Sibirya anakaras\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtti. BM Komisyonunun olumlu bir karar almas\u0131 durumunda, 200 mil uzunlu\u011fundaki ekonomik b\u00f6lgenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Rus Kuzey Kutbu k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alan\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,2 milyon kilometrekareye ula\u015fabilir. 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rusya taraf\u0131ndan bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma seferi d\u00fczenlendi. Ancak BM taraf\u0131ndan kan\u0131tlar yeterli bulunmad\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rusya yeniden ba\u015fvuruda bulundu.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

Rusya i\u00e7in Arktika g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli b\u00f6lgelerden biridir. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde de \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 \u00e7eki\u015fmelere sahne olmu\u015f ve silah deposu olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenlerle Eyl\u00fcl 2008\u2019de Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Arktika\u2019daki ulusal \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir oturum ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Rusya G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi, 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rusya Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan onaylanan “2020 ve Sonras\u0131na Kadar Kuzey Kutbu’nda Rus Devlet Politikas\u0131n\u0131n Temelleri” (bundan sonra \u2018Temelleri\u2019) belgesini kabul etmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 Bu belgeye g\u00f6re Rusya’n\u0131n Kuzey Kutbu’ndaki ana ulusal \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131: Kuzey Kutbu b\u00f6lgesinin \u00fclkenin sosyo-ekonomik kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in stratejik bir kaynak \u00fcss\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, Kuzey Kutbu’nun bir bar\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lgesi olarak korunmas\u0131, Kuzey Kutbu’nun i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve benzersiz ekolojisi, sistemlerin korunmas\u0131, Kuzey Kutbu’ndaki Kuzey Denizi Rotas\u0131n\u0131n Rusya Federasyonu’nun tek bir ulusal ula\u015f\u0131m ileti\u015fimi olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131.[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda, 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edilen “Temeller”in uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in “Rusya Federasyonu’nun Arktik B\u00f6lgesinin Geli\u015ftirilmesi ve 2020 Y\u0131l\u0131na Kadar Ulusal G\u00fcvenli\u011fin Sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Strateji (bundan sonra \u2018Strateji\u2019)” geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Stratejide Arktik b\u00f6lgesinin kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncelikli y\u00f6nleri, b\u00f6lgenin entegre sosyo-ekonomik geli\u015fimi, bilim ve teknolojinin geli\u015fimi, modern bir bilgi ve telekom\u00fcnikasyon altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131, \u00e7evre g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, Kuzey Kutbu’nda uluslararas\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fi, askeri g\u00fcvenlik ve Kuzey Kutbu’ndaki Rusya Federasyonu devlet s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 konular\u0131na de\u011finilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bu devasa b\u00f6lgenin modern yeniliklere ve kalk\u0131nma stratejilerine ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n giderilmesi ad\u0131na 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak Nisan 2014\u2019te Rusya B\u00f6lgesel Kalk\u0131nma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u20182020\u2019ye kadar Rusya Federasyonu Arktik B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin Sosyal ve Ekonomik Kalk\u0131nmas\u0131 (bundan sonra Devlet Program\u0131[5]<\/sup><\/a>)\u2019 onaylanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu program ile Rusya Arktikas\u0131\u2019nda devlet politikalar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda devlet kurumlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki koordinasyonu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek ve b\u00f6lgedeki sosyo-ekonomik geli\u015fimin takibi ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kinci resmi ad\u0131m ise May\u0131s 2014\u2019te kabul y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren \u2018Rusya Federasyonu Arktikas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Kara B\u00f6lgelerine \u0130li\u015fkin\u2019 296 say\u0131l\u0131 kararnamedir ve Rusya Arktikas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fczenleyici \u00e7er\u00e7evesini belirleyen \u00f6nemli belgelerden biri haline geldi. Bu ihtiya\u00e7lara y\u00f6nelik geli\u015ftirilen stratejilerden biri de Haziran 2014 tarihli ve 172 No\u2019lu “Rusya Federasyonu’nda Stratejik Planlama \u00dczerine” yasas\u0131nda yer alan, Rusya Federasyonu’nun b\u00f6lgesel kalk\u0131nma devlet politikas\u0131n\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturan ve Federal Kanundaki stratejik ve b\u00f6lgesel planlama \u00f6nceliklerinin belirlenmesi i\u00e7in temel olu\u015fturan “Rusya Federasyonu’nun Mek\u00e2nsal Geli\u015fimi Stratejisi[6]<\/a>“dir.\u00a0 Bu strateji, b\u00f6lgesel planlama temelinde makro b\u00f6lgelerin sosyo-ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan dengeli ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir olarak kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, sivil toplumun b\u00f6lgesel kalk\u0131nma hedeflerine uygun olarak b\u00f6lgesel ve yerel kalk\u0131nma sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 yoluyla n\u00fcfusun ya\u015fam kalitesini iyile\u015ftirmeyi, bilimsel ve teknolojik ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n elde edilmesi yoluyla ekonomisinin rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Rusya Federasyonu H\u00fck\u00fcmeti Arktik Kalk\u0131nma Devlet Komisyonunu kurdu. Devlet Komisyonu, Kuzey Kutbu’nun ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, geli\u015ftirilmesi ve kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla ilgili t\u00fcm departmanlar aras\u0131 komisyonlar\u0131n, alt komitelerin, konseylerin ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gruplar\u0131n\u0131n faaliyetlerini koordine etmekten sorumludur. Bu komisyonun olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 Rusya’n\u0131n Arktika \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bakanl\u0131klar\u0131 ve onlara ba\u011fl\u0131 kurumlar ile h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve federal meclis yap\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki b\u00fcrokratik bulan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve koordinasyonun kolayla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

Mart 2016’da Rusya Ekonomik Kalk\u0131nma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Devlet Komisyonu Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplant\u0131s\u0131nda, b\u00f6lgesel kalk\u0131nma i\u00e7in yeni bir mekanizma olarak devlet program\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesinin temelini olu\u015fturan “Destek B\u00f6lgelerini[8]<\/a>” \u00f6nerdi. Bu program Rusya Arktikas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n gelecekteki sosyo-ekonomik geli\u015fimini planlamak ve mevcut merkezlerin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesini temsil ediyor. Bu projenin amac\u0131, stratejik \u00e7\u0131karlara ula\u015fmak ve Kuzey Kutbu’ndaki Rusya Federasyonu’nun ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok alanda de\u011fi\u015fimleri \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bu projeler, Arktik ula\u015f\u0131m sistemini, enerji altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, end\u00fcstriyel tesislerin geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nlemlerin birbirine ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar ve ayr\u0131ca destek b\u00f6lgesinin ve kuzey deniz yolunun geli\u015ftirilmesine katk\u0131da bulunur.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bir sonraki a\u015fama, 16 Ocak 2017’de “2025’e kadar Rusya Federasyonu’nun B\u00f6lgesel Geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in Devlet Politikas\u0131n\u0131n Onay\u0131” kararnamesinin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131yd\u0131. Bu belge, kuzey b\u00f6lgelerini kapsayan sistematik ve ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir b\u00f6lgesel politikay\u0131 yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Bu belge ile \u00fclke genelinde ekonomik, siyasi ve sosyal haklar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak, farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015fayan vatanda\u015flar\u0131n ya\u015fam d\u00fczeyi ve kalitesindeki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, k\u0131rsalda ve geri kalm\u0131\u015f alanlarda ekonominin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011finin sa\u011flamas\u0131, bilimsel ve teknik rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bu b\u00f6lgelerde belediyelerin yerel halk\u0131n sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131rmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Rusya\u2019daki farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde ve federal devletlerde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir sosyo-ekonomik dengenin ve \u00fclke ekonomisinin k\u00fcresel pazarlarda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve bilimsel ve teknolojik rekabet\u00e7ili\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 da \u00f6ncelikleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. [10]<\/a><\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak bug\u00fcn Arktika b\u00f6lgesi Rusya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan siyasi, ekonomik ve askeri alanlarda \u00f6neme sahip bir b\u00f6lgedir. Ancak bu devasa b\u00f6lgenin ve burada ya\u015fayan halk\u0131n bir tak\u0131m yeniliklere ve yat\u0131r\u0131mlara ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u0130klim \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n zorlu olmas\u0131, ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 da zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 Ba\u015fta ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmesi ve altyap\u0131sal yat\u0131r\u0131mlar Rusya\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6lgeye y\u00f6nelik \u00f6ncelikleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.\u00a0 Bu sebeplerle 2000\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren \u00fclkenin Arktika politikas\u0131nda devlet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n faaliyetlerini artt\u0131rarak sosyo-ekonomik ya\u015fam\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek ad\u0131na tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren ise mevcut belgelerin uygulama s\u00fcresi uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2014\u2019te uygulanmaya ba\u015flanan Devlet program\u0131 2017’de g\u00fcncellenmi\u015ftir ve uygulama s\u00fcresi 2025 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2019\u2019da \u2018Kuzey Deniz Yolunun 2035 Y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Altyap\u0131sal Geli\u015fim Plan\u0131\u2019 onaylanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2020\u2019de bu konulara odaklanan en g\u00fcncel belgeler \u00a0\u20182035 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Rusya Federasyonu’nun Kuzey Kutbu’ndaki Devlet Politikas\u0131n\u0131n Temelleri\u2019 ve \u2018 Rusya Federasyonu\u2019nun Arktik B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin Kalk\u0131nmas\u0131 ve Ulusal G\u00fcvenli\u011finin Sa\u011flanmas\u0131 Stratejisi\u2019dir.<\/p>\n

De\u011fi\u015fen iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, teknolojik geli\u015fmeler ile do\u011fal kaynaklara eri\u015fim imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 ve Arktika\u2019n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu kaynaklar\u0131n \u00f6neminin artmas\u0131 buraya olan uluslararas\u0131 ilgiyi de artt\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Rusya ise bu ilgiye olumlu cevap vermektedir. Ba\u015fta \u00c7in ile olan i\u015fbirlikleri olmak \u00fczere Almanya, Fransa gibi di\u011fer \u00fclkelerle de ekonomik, ticari ve bilimsel alanlarda i\u015fbirlikleri devam etmektedir. \u00dclkemizin de son y\u0131llarda b\u00f6lgeye ilgisi artmaktad\u0131r. Limak Mara\u015f \u015firketi Volgograd ve Habarovsk’ta havaalanlar\u0131 in\u015fa etmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca Ekim 2020’de Yamalo-Nenets \u00d6zerk Okrugu h\u00fck\u00fcmetinde yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamaya g\u00f6re, Novy Urengoy havaalan\u0131n\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 T\u00fcrk konsorsiyumu Limak Mara\u015f’\u0131n bir \u00fcyesi olan Limakmarashstroy taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecektir.[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u041b\u0443\u043a\u0438\u043d \u042e.\u0424. \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435. \u2013 \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a, 2012, sf: 243, URL: http:\/\/arctic-and-north.com<\/a>; http:\/\/narfu.ru\/aan\/(25.12.2012)<\/a>, ( eri\u015fim tarihi: 04.11.2021)<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u041e\u0431 \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043e 2020 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0443, \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 (government.ru)<\/a> (eri\u015fim tarihi 04.11.2021)<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u00ab\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0448\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0444\u0430 \u0420\u0424\u00bb URL: https:\/\/www.interfax.ru\/world\/656886<\/a> (eri\u015fim tarihi 11.11.2021)<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> \u041e\u0431 \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043e 2020 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0443, \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 (government.ru)<\/a> (eri\u015fim tarihi 11.11.2021)<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Devlet Program\u0131- k\u0131saca \u00ab\u0413\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u00bb olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u043e\u0442 28.06.2014 N 172-\u0424\u0417 (\u0440\u0435\u0434. \u043e\u0442 31.07.2020) “\u041e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438”<\/a>, \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f 20. \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f 20. \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \/ \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u041f\u043b\u044e\u0441 (consultant.ru)<\/a><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> \u0417\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041a.\u041d., \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u041d.\u0410., \u041b\u0438\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0421.\u0410., \u0411\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041b.\u041a. \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b \u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0432 XXI \u0432. \/\/ \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440.2020. \u0441\u0442\u0440. 75-109.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Destek b\u00f6lgeleri- \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> \u0421\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041e.\u041e. \u041e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b\/\/\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a: \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0443\u043c ” \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b- \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430. 19. 10. 2016<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> \u0421\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u041d. \u0420\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0422\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f: \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f.2017. \u0441\u0442\u0440.9<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> \u00ab\u041a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u044d\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u042f\u041d\u0410\u041e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\u00bb, URL:\u00a0 https:\/\/ura.news\/news\/1052455514<\/a>, (eri\u015fim tarihi 11.11.2021)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hasibe Tu\u011f\u00e7e TA\u015eIK   Co\u011frafi konumu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda Rusya, Kuzey Buz Denizi\u2019ne do\u011frudan k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 olan be\u015f \u00fclkeden biridir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Arktik b\u00f6lgede en fazla kara s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na sahip olan \u00fclkedir….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_thinkrank_schema_form_data":"","_thinkrank_selected_schema_type":"","_thinkrank_additional_schemas":"","_thinkrank_canonical_url":"","_thinkrank_og_title":"","_thinkrank_og_description":"","_thinkrank_og_image":"","_thinkrank_twitter_title":"","_thinkrank_twitter_description":"","_thinkrank_twitter_image":"","_thinkrank_imported_from":"","_thinkrank_focus_keywords":[],"_thinkrank_focus_keyword":"","_thinkrank_robots_meta_enabled":0,"_thinkrank_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_advanced_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_primary_category":0,"footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[1095,106,879,135,108],"tags":[441,134],"ppma_author":[2016],"class_list":["post-10825","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ekonomi-finans-marketler-deger-zincirleri","category-kose-yazilari","category-politika-diplomasi-ihtilaflar-guvenlik","category-rusya","category-tr","tag-enerji-politikalari","tag-rusya"],"yoast_head":"\n2000 Sonrasi Rusya\u2019nin Arkti\u0307ka Poli\u0307ti\u0307kasi Ve Yasal D\u00fczenlemeleri\u0307 - T\u00fcrkiye Enerji Stratejileri ve Politikalar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/2000-sonrasi-rusyanin-arktika-politikasi-ve-yasal-duzenlemeleri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"2000 Sonrasi Rusya\u2019nin Arkti\u0307ka Poli\u0307ti\u0307kasi Ve Yasal D\u00fczenlemeleri\u0307 - T\u00fcrkiye Enerji Stratejileri ve Politikalar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hasibe Tu\u011f\u00e7e TA\u015eIK   Co\u011frafi konumu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda Rusya, Kuzey Buz Denizi\u2019ne do\u011frudan k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 olan be\u015f \u00fclkeden biridir. 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