PAS\u0130F G\u00dcVENL\u0130K S\u0130STEMLER\u0130 TASARLAMA: ARIZA EMN\u0130YETL\u0130 N\u00dcKLEER OPERASYONLAR \u0130\u00c7\u0130N F\u0130Z\u0130KTEN YARARLANMA<\/p>\n
Esin Yi\u011fitba\u015f\u01311<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/em>1-Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi,M\u00fchendislik Fak.,Fizik M\u00fchendisli\u011fi,Beytepe Kamp\u00fcs\u00fc,Ankara<\/em><\/p>\n \u00d6zet<\/strong><\/p>\n Pasif g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6zellikleri (yani, yer\u00e7ekimi, bas\u0131n\u00e7 farklar\u0131 veya do\u011fal \u0131s\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 gibi do\u011fal kuvvetlerden veya olaylardan yararlananlar) n\u00fckleer santrallerde aktif bir g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 gerektirmeden g\u00fcvenlik i\u015flevlerini yerine getirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Son zamanlarda yeni reakt\u00f6r tasar\u0131mlar\u0131, pasif sistemlerin son derece g\u00fcvenilir oldu\u011fu ve pahal\u0131 pompalar, motorlar ve di\u011fer ekipmanlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra yedek g\u00fcvenlik s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kaynaklar\u0131 gerektiren birden fazla ekipman gerektiren sistemlerin kurulum ve bak\u0131m\u0131yla ilgili maliyeti azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla, \u00f6rne\u011fin ge\u00e7ici durumlar, tasar\u0131m temelli kaza ve hatta ciddi kazalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7ekirdek so\u011futmas\u0131 veya muhafaza so\u011futmas\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in pasif g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6zelliklerinden daha kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yararlanmaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, \u00f6rne\u011fin do\u011fal sirk\u00fclasyon ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7 farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na dayanan bu t\u00fcr pasif g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6zelliklerinin \u00e7o\u011funun zay\u0131f itici g\u00fc\u00e7leri, \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli kaza ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve ayr\u0131ca dahili veya harici tehlikelerden kaynaklanabilecek ek y\u00fckler i\u00e7in pasif sistemin tasar\u0131m\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6steriminde \u00f6nemli zorluklar yaratmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki n\u00fckleer d\u00fczenleyiciler de yeni pasif ve yenilik\u00e7i reakt\u00f6r tasar\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n ruhsatland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r. Pasif sistemlerin veya g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6zelliklerinin g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in, farkl\u0131 savunma seviyelerinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da derinlemesine ele alarak, tasar\u0131m gereksinimleri, fiziksel olaylar\u0131n analizi i\u00e7in y\u00f6ntemler ve hesaplama ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ile do\u011frulama i\u00e7in deneysel testler b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Anahtar kelimeler: Pasif g\u00fcvenlik, n\u00fckleer santral, kaza, ciddi kaza, do\u011fal sirk\u00fclasyon<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n Passive safety features (i.e., those that take advantage of natural forces or phenomena such as gravity, pressure differentials or natural heat transport) are used in nuclear power plants to perform safety functions without requiring an active power source. Recently, new reactor designs are making more extensive use of passive safety features for various purposes, e.g. core cooling or containment cooling during transients, design basis accidents or even severe accidents, with the claim that passive systems are highly reliable and reduce the cost associated with the installation and maintenance of systems requiring multiple pieces of equipment such as expensive pumps, motors and other equipment as well as redundant safety-grade power supplies. However, the weak driving forces of many such passive safety features, based for example on natural circulation and small pressure differences, create significant challenges in the design and safety demonstration of the passive system for a wide range of accident conditions, as well as for additional loads that may result from internal or external hazards.<\/p>\n Nuclear regulators worldwide also face significant challenges in licensing new passive and innovative reactor designs. To demonstrate the reliability of passive systems or safety features, design requirements, methods and computational tools for the analysis of physical phenomena, and experimental tests for verification are of great importance, taking into account the independence of different levels of defense in depth.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n Key words: Passive safety, nuclear power plant, accident, serious accident, natural circulation<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n