{"id":20169,"date":"2025-05-25T17:31:34","date_gmt":"2025-05-25T14:31:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/?p=20169"},"modified":"2026-08-07T22:14:40","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T19:14:40","slug":"turkiyenin-siyasi-hayatinda-demokrat-parti-ve-27-mayis-darbesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/turkiyenin-siyasi-hayatinda-demokrat-parti-ve-27-mayis-darbesi\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Siyasi Hayat\u0131nda Demokrat Parti ve 27 May\u0131s Darbesi"},"content":{"rendered":"
    \n
  1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra de\u011fi\u015fen d\u00fcnya dengeleri ve halk\u0131n yo\u011fun bask\u0131s\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye, 23 y\u0131ld\u0131r devam eden tek adam, tek ideoloji ve halk\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseyen Bat\u0131c\u0131 azg\u0131n bir az\u0131nl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan (J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler), devletle e\u015fit olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi (CHP)\u2019nin siyasi oyunlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u00e7ok partili siyasi hayata ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bask\u0131ya ra\u011fmen toplu bir isyana kalk\u0131\u015fmadan kans\u0131z ge\u00e7en bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ba\u015far\u0131, Anadolu halk\u0131n\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Se\u00e7im yap\u0131lmadan ve dar bir grup taraf\u0131ndan yukardan belirlenen (M\u00fcntehibi Sani gibi) listelerden olu\u015fan ve aral\u0131ks\u0131z 27 y\u0131l s\u00fcren CHP iktidar\u0131nda, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ve Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan yeni \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck devrimlerin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00fclkede, toplu bir halk-devlet \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olmadan iktidar\u0131n kans\u0131z el de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi, Suriye olaylar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin siyasi hayat\u0131nda Beyaz \u0130htilal olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00e7ok partili siyasal hayata ge\u00e7ti\u011fi bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, Tek Adam, Tek Fikir ve Tek Parti\u2019nin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki toplumun t\u00fcm kesimlerini b\u00fcnyesinde toplayan Demokrat Parti (DP) 7 Ocak 1946 tarihinde, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin siyasi hayat\u0131nda, toplum odakl\u0131 pratik ve pragmatik toplum merkezli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131, i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f politikada g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar etkileri olan B\u00fcy\u00fck ve G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden, T\u00fcrkiye Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015fin ilk basama\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Celal Bayar, Fuat K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc, Refik Koraltan ve Adnan Menderes\u2019in, devlet yerine halk\u0131n elindeki topraklar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tmay\u0131 hedefleyen Toprak Reformu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda CHP\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 kararl\u0131 bir duru\u015f sergiledi\u011fi \u201cD\u00f6rtl\u00fc Takrir\u2019inden sonra kurulan ve ismi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar DP ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fen Adnan Menderes Demokrat Parti\u2019nin(DP) \u00f6nemini \u015f\u00f6yle ifade etmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

    Bug\u00fcn Demokrat Parti resmen kuruldu. \u015eimdi T\u00fcrk siyas\u00ee hayat\u0131nda yepyeni bir sahife a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu tarih, gelecek ku\u015faklar i\u00e7in asla unutulmayacak bir kilometre ta\u015f\u0131 olacak. Art\u0131k tek parti-tek \u015fef sisteminin egemenli\u011fi, yaln\u0131z devlet hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n dar kal\u0131plar\u0131 aras\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kmakla kalmayacak; ayn\u0131 zamanda, milletimiz y\u0131llarca \u00f6zlemini \u00e7ekti\u011fi demokrasinin en ufuklar\u0131ndan \u00f6zg\u00fcrce nasibini alacak. \u00dclkemizin kalk\u0131nmaya, ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan geli\u015fmeye ihtiyac\u0131 var. Demokrasi ve kalk\u0131nma hamleleri Demokrat Parti\u2019nin iki temel felsefesi olacak. Kurucusu oldu\u011fum bu partinin, politik hayat\u0131m\u0131zda sonsuza kadar devam edece\u011fini \u00fcmit etmek istiyorum. Bizden sonra bu partinin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ecek y\u00f6neticilerin, 1946 ruhunu daima haf\u0131zalarda canl\u0131 ve uyan\u0131k tutmalar\u0131 en samimi dile\u011fimdir.\u201d (Adnan Menderes, 7 Ocak 1946)<\/em><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/em>DP\u2019nin kurucu lideri ve on y\u0131l Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Celal Bayar\u2019\u0131n, \u015fahsi d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olarak bilinen Milli \u015eef \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc ile \u201cD\u0131\u015f Politika ve Laiklik\u201d konular\u0131nda mutab\u0131k kalmas\u0131ndan sonra, CHP ile siyasa hayatta yar\u0131\u015fa ba\u015flayan DP, toplumun t\u00fcm kesimlerini harekete ge\u00e7irerek k\u0131sa zamanda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin siyasi hayat\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f \u201cdemokratik bir ink\u0131lap\u201d ya\u015fanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Halk ve Devlet aras\u0131nda bir i\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve sokaklarda kan d\u00f6k\u00fclmeden, 27 y\u0131ll\u0131k tek parti al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve CHP lideri, Milli \u015eef \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 1946 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131k oy ve gizli say\u0131mla siyasi oyunlara ra\u011fmen, bug\u00fcn bile T\u00fcrk demokrasisinin sigortas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen 5545 say\u0131l\u0131 se\u00e7im yasas\u0131 sonucu, DP\u2019nin 14 May\u0131s 1950 se\u00e7imlerindeki mutlak se\u00e7im zaferi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn iktidar\u0131 kans\u0131z olarak Adnan Menderes ve Celal Bayar liderli\u011findeki DP\u2019ye teslim etmesi hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz tarihi \u00f6nemdedir.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Yukardaki tabloya bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda DP iktidar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye, y\u0131ll\u0131k olarak ortalama %8 iktisadi kalk\u0131nma, halk-devlet yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131, daha \u00f6nce \u015fehirleraras\u0131nda bile bulunmayan asfalt karayollar\u0131, Birecik K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla birle\u015fen Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131, artan k\u00f6y-kent ili\u015fkileri, halk\u0131n geli\u015fen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131, ODT\u00dc ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere yeni a\u00e7\u0131lan be\u015f \u00fcniversite ve hariciye alan\u0131nda ya\u015fanan k\u00f6kl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fimler sonucu, on y\u0131lda ortalama \u00fc\u00e7 kat b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Kore\u2019ye asker g\u00f6nderilmesi, Avrupa Birli\u011fine \u00fcyelik s\u00fcreci, Orta Do\u011fu\u2019da Ba\u011fdat Pakt\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmesi ve SSCB\u2019nin tehditlerine kar\u015f\u0131 NATO \u00fcyeli\u011fi ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel alanda, aktif rol almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u00d6zellikle K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n Rumlar taraf\u0131ndan ilhak\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 Londra ve Z\u00fcrih anla\u015fmalar\u0131yla kazan\u0131lan haklar sonucu Kuzey K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulma s\u00fcreci ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin geli\u015fmesinden rahats\u0131z olan ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 gere\u011fi Rusya kart\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve tarihi kodlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden yeniden dirili\u015fe ge\u00e7ti\u011fini g\u00f6ren d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7ler, bir k\u0131s\u0131m gen\u00e7ler ve cuntayla me\u015fru ve yasal iktidara kar\u015f\u0131 27 May\u0131s 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda silahl\u0131 darbe yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu, Adnan Menderes liderli\u011findeki 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k Demokrat Parti\u2019nin B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrkiye \u0130dealine ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na vurulan, ilk d\u0131\u015f destekli askeri, siyasi ve ekonomik darbedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00c7ekmece N\u00fckleer Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi ve Barajlar d\u00e2hil olarak a\u011f\u0131r sanayi, onlarca Profes\u00f6r kadrosunda milli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye akademik personel, 600 civar\u0131nda \u00fcst d\u00fczey b\u00fcrokrat ve TSK\u2019daki 290 generalden 235 general ve amiral, 7 bin albay, yarbay ve binba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesindeki subay ordudan tasfiye edilirken, ilk kez halk taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilen 500 civar\u0131nda DP\u2019nin siyasi kadrolar\u0131 da tasfiye edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te dikkatimi \u00e7eken di\u011fer hususlar ise Menderes\u2019in \u00fc\u00e7 o\u011flu \u015faibeli \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015fik zamanlarda vefat ederken 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ankara Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi ar\u015fivinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, burada okuyan Adnan Menderes\u2019in \u00f6\u011frenci dosyas\u0131n\u0131n, 27 May\u0131s darbecileri taraf\u0131ndan bo\u015falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Ba\u015fbakan Adnan Menderes, Maliye Bakan\u0131 Hasan Polatkan ve D\u0131\u015f i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Fatin R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc Zorlu\u2019nun idam edilmesiyle sonu\u00e7lanan 27 May\u0131s darbesinin ba\u015fl\u0131ca sebepleri olarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki konular oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. DP ve Adnan Menderes\u2019in B\u00fcy\u00fck ve G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye idealine ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131,<\/li>\n
    2. Ezan\u2019\u0131n Arap\u00e7a okunmas\u0131n\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/li>\n
    3. Radyo\u2019da Kur\u2019an-\u0131 Kerim ve halk m\u00fczi\u011finin okunmas\u0131n\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/li>\n
    4. Tarih ve Anadolu \u00fczerindeki maddi ve manevi bask\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/li>\n
    5. Ba\u015fta \u0130stanbul\u2019un imar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere Osmanl\u0131 Hanedan\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n geri getirilmesi,<\/li>\n
    6. K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n \u0130ngiltere\u2019den al\u0131nma faaliyetleri,<\/li>\n
    7. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u0130ran, Pakistan, M\u0131s\u0131r, Irak ve Suriye ile derinlemesine yak\u0131nla\u015fma \u00e7abalar\u0131,<\/li>\n
    8. Libya ve Cezayir\u2019in kurtulu\u015funa NATO \u00fcyeli\u011fine ra\u011fmen destek \u00e7abalar\u0131,<\/li>\n
    9. Ba\u011fdat Pakt\u0131 \u00fczerinden \u0130slam Birli\u011fi faaliyetleri ve Adnan Menderes\u2019in Rusya kart\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131,<\/li>\n
    10. Tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nlendirilen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin a\u011f\u0131r sanayi \u00e7abalar\u0131,<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      27 May\u0131s Darbesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

      1957 se\u00e7imlerinden de umdu\u011funu bulamayan \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc, \u00f6nce DP\u2019ye B\u00fcy\u00fck Taarruz yolunda sald\u0131r\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. CHP gen\u00e7lik kollar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130stanbul ve Ankara\u2019daki \u00f6\u011frenci olaylar\u0131ndan sonra (555K) i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f medya DP ve Ba\u015fbakan Adnan Menderes\u2019i hedef alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      Darbenin ilk ad\u0131m\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen Dokuz Subay olay\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne gitmemek ve darbeciler yerine onlar\u0131 ihbar eden Samet Ku\u015f\u00e7u\u2019yu cezaland\u0131rmak belki de Menderes\u2019in en b\u00fcy\u00fck hatas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

      Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te yap\u0131lan ve tarihte ilk kez T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131n oyuyla iktidara gelen Demokrat Parti\u2019nin lideri Adnan Menderes\u2019in devrildi\u011fi 27 May\u0131s 1960 darbesi, Cemal Madano\u011flu\u2019nun liderli\u011finde 38 ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan ve daha sonra 14 ki\u015finin tasfiyesiyle 24\u2019e d\u00fc\u015fen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ilk cunta darbesidir.<\/p>\n

      Modern T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ilk kanl\u0131 askeri darbesi olan 27 May\u0131s Darbesi, kendisinden sonra 10 y\u0131lda bir darbe n\u00f6betine tutulan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de cebren ve hileyle kabul edilen 1961 Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n, t\u00fcm anayasalardan daha demokratik oldu\u011fu iddia ediliyor. Bu konuda Milli G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu ile ilgili 111. Maddesi, darbeci askerlerin tabi ve \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu Senato \u00fcyeli\u011fi ve bir y\u0131l sonra Temmuz ay\u0131nda %61,57 ile kabul edilen Anayasaya g\u00f6re, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 adayl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 40 ya\u015f \u00fcst\u00fc olmak ve o zamanlar zaten nadir bulunan \u00fcniversite mezunu olmak gibi \u015fartlarla (Ayr\u0131ca DP\u2019li 3 ay sonra Ali Fuad Ba\u015fgil\u2019in cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 adayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de tehditle engellendi ve ilk DP lideri olan Ragip G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fpala da \u015faibeli \u015fekilde vefat etmi\u015ftir), 1961 anayasas\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7 de demokratik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir ki; bundan sonra yap\u0131lan darbe giri\u015fimleri ve 1965 se\u00e7imlerinden zaferle \u00e7\u0131kan S\u00fcleyman Demirel liderli\u011findeki Adalet Partisi de engellenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      16 Eyl\u00fcl 1961 y\u0131l\u0131nda Polatkan ve Zorlu\u2019nun idam\u0131ndan bir g\u00fcn sonra dara\u011fac\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan Ba\u015fbakan Adnan Menderes\u2019in son s\u00f6zleri dikkat \u00e7ekicidir:<\/p>\n

      \u201cSizlere darg\u0131n de\u011filim. Sizin ve di\u011fer zevat\u0131n iplerinin hangi efendiler taraf\u0131ndan idare edildi\u011fini biliyorum. Onlara da darg\u0131n de\u011filim. Kellemi onlara g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde deyiniz ki, Adnan Menderes h\u00fcrriyet u\u011fruna koydu\u011fu ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 17 sene evvel almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in sizlere m\u00fcte\u015fekkirdir. \u0130dam edilmek i\u00e7in ortada hi\u00e7bir sebep yok. \u00d6l\u00fcme kadar metanetle gitti\u011fimi, silahlar\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan kahraman efendilerinize acaba s\u00f6yleyebilecek misiniz? \u015eunu da s\u00f6yleyeyim ki, millet\u00e7e kazan\u0131lacak h\u00fcrriyet m\u00fccadelesinde sizi ve efendinizi yine de 1950\u2019de oldu\u011fu gibi kurtarabilirdim. Dirimden korkmayacakt\u0131n\u0131z. Ama \u015fimdi milletle el ele vererek Adnan Menderes\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcs\u00fc ebediyete kadar sizi takip edecek ve bir g\u00fcn sizi silip s\u00fcp\u00fcrecektir. Ama buna ra\u011fmen merhametim sizlerle beraberdir.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

      Bu s\u00fcrecinde sonunda 12 Mart 1971, 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980, 28 \u015eubat 1997 ve 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda da cunta darbeleri olmu\u015ftur. Ancak 15 Temmuz 2016\u2019da yap\u0131lan son FETO\/Cunta darbesine kar\u015f\u0131, tanklar\u0131 elleriyle durduran halk\u0131m\u0131z, DP\u2019yi kalk\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 yaparak, T\u00fcrkiye ve d\u00fcnya siyasi tarihinde ilk kez kar\u015f\u0131 devrim yapm\u0131\u015f ve kendini DP\u2019nin devam\u0131 olarak g\u00f6re Adalet Partisi, Anavatan Partisi ve son 23 y\u0131ld\u0131r Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan liderli\u011findeki AK Parti, B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrkiye idelinden T\u00fcrkiye Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131na do\u011fru emin ad\u0131mlarla ilerlemektedir.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra de\u011fi\u015fen d\u00fcnya dengeleri ve halk\u0131n yo\u011fun bask\u0131s\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye, 23 y\u0131ld\u0131r devam eden tek adam, tek ideoloji ve halk\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseyen Bat\u0131c\u0131 azg\u0131n 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