{"id":20550,"date":"2025-08-27T16:46:12","date_gmt":"2025-08-27T13:46:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/?p=20550"},"modified":"2026-08-07T22:14:38","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T19:14:38","slug":"enerji-guvenligi-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/enerji-guvenligi-6\/","title":{"rendered":"Enerji G\u00fcvenli\u011fi – 6"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nord Stream Boru Hatt\u0131 Patlamalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7ok Boyutlu De\u011ferlendirilmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

26 Eyl\u00fcl 2022\u2019de Balt\u0131k Denizi\u2019nde Nord Stream 1 ve Nord Stream 2 do\u011falgaz boru hatlar\u0131nda meydana gelen patlamalar, Avrupa enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi g\u00fcndemini alt\u00fcst eden stratejik \u015foklardan biri olarak tarihe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. \u0130sve\u00e7, Danimarka ve Almanya taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ayr\u0131 ceza soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n\u0131n ilk bulgular\u0131 patlamalar\u0131n \u201ckasten ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen sabotaj\u201d oldu\u011funu ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Patlamalar, Rusya-Ukrayna Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n enerji boyutunu keskinle\u015ftirirken Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB)\u2019nin Rus gaz\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131ktan s\u0131yr\u0131lma \u00e7abalar\u0131na da ivme kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Turan, 2022; Security Council Report, 2024). Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, olay\u0131n kronolojisini, fail y\u00f6nl\u00fc tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve k\u00fcresel – b\u00f6lgesel ba\u011flamda enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fine yans\u0131malar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zet bi\u00e7iminde b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl \u015fekilde ele almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tarih\u00e7e ve Stratejik \u00d6nem<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nord Stream 1 (2011) ve Nord Stream 2 (tamamlanma: 2021) toplam 110 milyar m\u00b3\/y\u0131l kapasite ile Rus gaz\u0131n\u0131 Balt\u0131k Denizi\u2019nin taban\u0131ndan Almanya\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131yan Gazprom\u2019un kontrol\u00fcndeki \u00e7ift hatl\u0131 bir a\u011fd\u0131r (Nord Stream AG, 2025). Hatlar, piyasaya arz esnekli\u011fi ve teknik verimlilik sa\u011flasa da AB\u2019nin tek tedarik\u00e7iye a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle uzun s\u00fcredir jeopolitik tart\u0131\u015fmalara konu olmu\u015ftur. Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri (ABD)\u2019nin 2021\u2019den itibaren uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar; Ukrayna, Polonya ve Balt\u0131k devletlerinin transit gelir kayb\u0131 kayg\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015ferek boru hatlar\u0131n\u0131 siyasi bir bask\u0131 arac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (Riley, 2025).<\/p>\n

26 Eyl\u00fcl 2022\u2019de saat 02:03 ve 19:03\u2019te Bornholm Adas\u0131 yak\u0131n\u0131nda iki ayr\u0131 sualt\u0131 sars\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 kaydedilmi\u015ftir; b\u00f6lgedeki haric\u00ee istasyonlar olaylar\u0131 patlama olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Heyburn vd., 2024). Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 noktada y\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131kan devasa gaz kabarc\u0131klar\u0131, hatlardan biri hari\u00e7 t\u00fcm boru kollar\u0131nda y\u0131rt\u0131lma oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u0130sve\u00e7 Sahil G\u00fcvenli\u011fi\u2019nin payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 uydu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerinde metan gaz\u0131 \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 900 metreye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir (de Jong, 2024). \u0130lk hafta i\u00e7inde b\u00f6lge sular\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen metan konsantrasyonu Balt\u0131k Denizi do\u011fal arka plan\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rt kat \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Abrahamsson vd., 2024).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Resim 1<\/strong>. Kuzey Ak\u0131m Do\u011falgaz Boru Hatt\u0131 1-2<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaynak: <\/strong>Ensonhaber, 2022.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Soru\u015fturmalarda G\u00fcncel Durum<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130sve\u00e7 Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, olay yerinin \u0130sve\u00e7 yarg\u0131 yetkisi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle \u015eubat 2024\u2019te soru\u015fturmay\u0131 kapatarak delilleri Almanya\u2019ya devretmi\u015ftir (Aklagarmyndigheten, 2024). Danimarka Polisi ise ayn\u0131 ay kast\u00ee sabotaj bulgusuna ra\u011fmen cezai takibata yetecek delil bulunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmederek dosyay\u0131 kapatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Ahmed, 2024). Almanya, Brandenburg Savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 koordinasyonunda y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc soru\u015fturmada, patlay\u0131c\u0131 izlerine rastlanan Andromeda<\/em> isimli yelkenli yata odaklanarak Haziran 2024\u2019te Ukrayna vatanda\u015f\u0131 Volodymyr Zhuravlov hakk\u0131nda Avrupa tutuklama emri \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f ancak \u015f\u00fcpheli \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Chazan, 2024).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Fail Tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve Jeopolitik<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rusya, sald\u0131r\u0131dan ABD ve Ukrayna\u2019y\u0131 sorumlu tutarken Bat\u0131l\u0131 baz\u0131 uzmanlar Rus deniz unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n olay g\u00fcnleri b\u00f6lgede seyretti\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Hatta Kas\u0131m 2023\u2019te Ukrayna \u00d6zel Kuvvetleri\u2019nden Roman \u00c7ervinski\u2019nin alt\u0131 ki\u015filik bir timi y\u00f6netti\u011fi iddia edilmi\u015ftir. Kiev y\u00f6netimi \u201cdelilsiz propaganda\u201d nitelemesiyle su\u00e7lamalar\u0131 reddetmi\u015ftir (Reuters, 2023). Fail tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndaki belirsizlik, hibrit sava\u015f doktrinlerinin ba\u015fat oldu\u011fu g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde devlet-d\u0131\u015f\u0131 vekil akt\u00f6rlerin kritik altyap\u0131 sabotajlar\u0131nda oynayabilece\u011fi rol\u00fc g\u00fcndeme getirmektedir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Enerji G\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Patlamalar Avrupa gaz fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede %30\u2019a varan oranda y\u00fckselterek (ICE TTF Endeksi) 2021 enerji krizini derinle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. AB Komisyonu\u2019nun REPowerEU plan\u0131 Rus fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 2027\u2019ye dek tamamen ikame etmeyi hedefleyen s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz terminali (LNG) ve yenilenebilir yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Riley, 2025). Almanya, 2023\u2019te \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fczer LNG terminalini devreye al\u0131rken Danimarka men\u015feli Balt\u0131k-Pipe ve Norve\u00e7\u2019in Northern Lights<\/em> CO\u2082 Depolama Projesi gibi alternatif hatlar \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Amelang vd., 2023). Nord Stream 2\u2019nin \u201cyeniden canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki Rus-\u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r lobi giri\u015fimlerine kar\u015f\u0131 AB, 2025 y\u0131l\u0131 Mart ay\u0131nda \u201cprojenin yapt\u0131r\u0131m alt\u0131ndaki hukuki stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015fmeyece\u011fi\u201d<\/em> karar\u0131n\u0131 teyit etmi\u015ftir (Afanasiev, 2025).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nord Stream boru hatlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik 2022 sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, uluslararas\u0131 hukuk ve iklim politikas\u0131 kesi\u015fiminde benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir vaka olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Fail belirsizli\u011fi \u201chibrit tehditler\u201d \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n karakteristi\u011fi h\u00e2line gelirken AB\u2019nin tedarik \u00e7e\u015fitlendirme stratejileri orta vadede Rus gaz\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sald\u0131r\u0131 sonras\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n sonu\u00e7suz kalmas\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 toplumun deniz-alt\u0131 kritik altyap\u0131y\u0131 korumada yeni norm ve ara\u00e7lar geli\u015ftirmesini zaruri k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abrahamsson, K., Damm, E., Bj\u00f6rk, G. vd. (2024). Methane plume detection after the 2022 Nord Stream pipeline explosion in the Baltic Sea. Sci Rep 14,<\/em> 12848.<\/p>\n

Afanasiev, V. (2025). Europe rejects talk of reviving Nord Stream 2. Upstream Online<\/em> (4 Mart 2025). https:\/\/www.upstreamonline.com\/energy-security\/europe-rejects-talk-of-reviving-nord-stream-2\/2-1-1787570<\/a> (E.T: 12.05.2025).<\/p>\n

Ahmed, E. (2024). Denmark ends Nord Stream blasts probe. Anadolu Ajans\u0131<\/em> (26 \u015eubat 2024). https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/europe\/denmark-ends-nord-stream-blasts-probe\/3148221<\/a> (E.T: 10.05.2025).<\/p>\n

Aklagarmyndigheten. (2024). The prosecutor closes the Swedish investigation concerning gross sabotage against Nord Stream. Swedish Prosecution Authority<\/em>. http:\/\/aklagare.se\/en\/for-the-media\/press-releases\/2024\/february\/the-prosecutor-closes-the-swedish-investigation-concerning-gross-sabotage-against-nord-stream\/<\/a> (E.T: 10.05.2025).<\/p>\n

Amelang, S.; Appunn, K.; Kyllmann, C.; Wehrmann, B. ve Wettengel, J. (2023). War in Ukraine: Tracking the impacts on German energy and climate policy. Journalism for the Energy Transition<\/em> (24 \u015eubat 2023). https:\/\/www.cleanenergywire.org\/news\/ukraine-war-tracking-impacts-german-energy-and-climate-policy<\/a> (E.T: 12.05.2025).<\/p>\n

Chazan, G. (2024). The competing theories of the Nord Stream explosions. Financial Times<\/em> (14 A\u011fustos 2024). https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/120d3b78-68b4-4b42-9e65-c55e8fd77fd0<\/a> (E.T: 12.05.2025).<\/p>\n

de Jong, M. (2024). Tracing the downfall of the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, 13<\/em>(1), e502.<\/p>\n

Ensonhaber. (2022). Balt\u0131k Denizi’ndeki Kuzey Ak\u0131m do\u011falgaz boru hatlar\u0131nda patlama. (27 Eyl\u00fcl 2022). https:\/\/www.ensonhaber.com\/dunya\/baltik-denizindeki-kuzey-akim-dogalgaz-boru-hatlarinda-patlama<\/a> (E.T: 09.05.2025).<\/p>\n

Heyburn, R.; Green, D.N.; Niprress, A. ve Selby, N.D. (2024). The 26 September 2022 Nord Stream Events: Insights from Nearby Seismic Events. The Seismic Reord, 4<\/em>(1), 1-10.<\/p>\n

Nord Stream AG. (2025). Operations.<\/em> https:\/\/www.nord-stream.com\/operations\/<\/a> (E.T: 09.05.2025).<\/p>\n

Reuters. (2023). Ukrainian officer coordinated Nord Stream attack. Washington Post<\/em>. (12 Kas\u0131m 2023). https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/senior-ukrainian-officer-coordinated-nord-stream-attack-washington-post-2023-11-12\/<\/a> (E.T: 09.05.2025).<\/p>\n

Riley, A. (2025). Can Nord Stream really rise from the dead?. Atlantic Council<\/em> (29 Nisan 2025). https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/energysource\/can-nord-stream-really-rise-from-the-dead\/<\/a> (E.T: 10.05.2025).<\/p>\n

Security Council Report. (2024). The Nord Stream Incident: Open Briefing<\/em>. https:\/\/www.securitycouncilreport.org\/whatsinblue\/2024\/10\/the-nord-stream-incident-open-briefing.php<\/a> (E.T: 12.05.2025).<\/p>\n

Turan, \u0130. (2022). Hazar Havzas\u0131n\u0131n Avrupa Enerji G\u00fcvenli\u011finde Artan \u00d6nemi: Rusya-Ukrayna Sava\u015f\u0131 Ba\u011flam\u0131nda Bir De\u011ferlendirme. \u00dcsk\u00fcdar \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi<\/em>(15), 179-202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32739\/uskudarsbd.8.15.110<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nord Stream Boru Hatt\u0131 Patlamalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7ok Boyutlu De\u011ferlendirilmesi 26 Eyl\u00fcl 2022\u2019de Balt\u0131k Denizi\u2019nde Nord Stream 1 ve Nord Stream 2 do\u011falgaz boru hatlar\u0131nda meydana gelen patlamalar,\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":181,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_thinkrank_schema_form_data":"","_thinkrank_selected_schema_type":"","_thinkrank_additional_schemas":"","_thinkrank_canonical_url":"","_thinkrank_og_title":"","_thinkrank_og_description":"","_thinkrank_og_image":"","_thinkrank_twitter_title":"","_thinkrank_twitter_description":"","_thinkrank_twitter_image":"","_thinkrank_imported_from":"","_thinkrank_focus_keywords":[],"_thinkrank_focus_keyword":"","_thinkrank_robots_meta_enabled":0,"_thinkrank_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_advanced_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_primary_category":0,"footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[2306,2265],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[2150],"class_list":["post-20550","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dizman-tvenerji","category-tv-kose-yazilari"],"yoast_head":"\nEnerji 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