{"id":20561,"date":"2025-08-27T16:54:09","date_gmt":"2025-08-27T13:54:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/?p=20561"},"modified":"2026-08-07T22:14:38","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T19:14:38","slug":"enerji-guvenligi-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/enerji-guvenligi-7\/","title":{"rendered":"Enerji G\u00fcvenli\u011fi – 7"},"content":{"rendered":"

Portekiz ve \u0130spanya\u2019da Ya\u015fanan Elektrik Kesintilerinin Kritik Altyap\u0131lara Etkisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nisan 2025\u2019te \u0130ber Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 vuran b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli elektrik kesintisi, \u0130spanya ve Portekiz\u2019de milyonlarca insan\u0131 saatlerce elektriksiz b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Rannard ve Halil, 2025). Bu olay, b\u00f6lgenin enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011finin k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermi\u015ftir. Enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi yaln\u0131zca s\u00fcrekli enerji arz\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil kritik altyap\u0131lar\u0131n dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, birbirine entekoneksiyonu (ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k) ve siber sald\u0131r\u0131 riskini de i\u00e7ermektedir (\u00c7\u0131tak ve K\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7\u202fPala, 2016). \u0130berya\u2019da ya\u015fanan kesinti; teknik aksakl\u0131klar\u0131n zincirleme etkileri, yenilenebilir enerji n\u00fcfuzunun art\u0131\u015f\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 entekoneksiyon kapasitesi, siber g\u00fcvenlik endi\u015feleri ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin etkileri ba\u011flam\u0131nda enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fine nas\u0131l yans\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Kesintinin hemen \u00f6ncesinde g\u00fcney \u0130spanya\u2019daki \u00fcretim tesislerinde pe\u015f pe\u015fe yakla\u015f\u0131k 2.200 megavatl\u0131k (MW) otomatik devre kesmeleri ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f, bu ani \u00fcretim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc frekans\u0131n 48,0 hertze (Hz) dek gerilemesine ve \u0130spanyol-Portekiz \u015febekesinde kontroll\u00fc y\u00fck kesmelerine neden olmu\u015ftur. Ard\u0131ndan Fransa-\u0130spanya ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 senkronizasyon kayb\u0131 koruma sistemlerince devreden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve elektrik \u015febekesi tamamen \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, hidroelektrik santrallerin s\u0131f\u0131rdan \u015febekeyi beslemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 gibi zorlu bir yeniden devreye alma s\u00fcrecini ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Entsoe, 2025). Kay\u0131p elektrik enerjisinin yeniden sa\u011flanmas\u0131 kademeli \u015fekilde ilerlemi\u015f, Portekiz\u2019de kesintinin tamamen giderilmesi yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 saati bulmu\u015f ve \u0130spanya\u2019da ise bir geceden sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde normalle\u015fme sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (BBC, 2025). Bu teknik zincirleme ar\u0131za, \u015febekenin frekans dengesine ve korunma mekanizmalar\u0131na fazlaca ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Altyap\u0131 K\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131klar\u0131 ve Entekoneksiyon<\/strong><\/p>\n

Olay, \u0130berya \u015febekesinin d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 eri\u015fime sahip \u201cenerji adas\u0131\u201d niteli\u011fini ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Portekiz\u2019in elektrik sistemi neredeyse tamamen \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n \u015febekesine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kesintiden an\u0131nda etkilenmi\u015ftir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Fransa\u2019n\u0131n sa\u011flam enerji altyap\u0131s\u0131 ve \u0130berya ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 entekoneksiyon kapasitesi, aksakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n etkilerinin Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) genelinde yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131smen s\u0131n\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Uzmanlara g\u00f6re karbon-n\u00f6trle\u015fme hedefleri alt\u0131nda \u015febeke ba\u011fla\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131lmazsa ge\u00e7i\u015fin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi tehlikeye girebilir (Temizer, 2025). Olay sonras\u0131 kurulan kriz masas\u0131 da s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ara ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n acilen g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi gerekti\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zetle, yeterli \u015febeke entekoneksiyonu olmaks\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6lgeler h\u0131zl\u0131ca izole olabilmektedir ve bu durum altyap\u0131lar\u0131n tek noktadan ar\u0131zalara a\u00e7\u0131k hale geldi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir (Rannard ve Halil, 2025).<\/p>\n

Siber Riskler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kesinti nedenine dair incelemelerde ilk etapta siber sald\u0131r\u0131 ihtimali g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015fse de yetkililer bu olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u0131\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Rannard ve Halil, 2025). Yine de modern enerji sistemlerinin bilgi ve ileti\u015fim teknolojilerine yo\u011fun ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle siber tehditlere a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Siber sald\u0131rganlar enerji \u00fcretim tesislerine m\u00fcdahale ederek \u00fcretimi durdurabilir veya frekans\u0131 dalgaland\u0131rabilir Bu da \u015febekenin kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yitirmesine ve sistemin \u00e7\u00f6kmesine neden olabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, sald\u0131rganlar \u00fcretimi durdurup frekans\u0131 bozdu\u011funda sistem g\u00fcvenlik mekanizmalar\u0131 devreye girer ancak ana \u015febekeyle senkronizasyon kaybedilebilir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan, ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar enerji altyap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n siber g\u00fcvenli\u011fini kritik bir konu olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r (Ayd\u0131n, Bar\u0131\u015fkan ve \u00c7etinkaya, 2021, ss. 156-159). \u0130berya kesintisi, resmi rapor edilene g\u00f6re teknik nedenli olsa da siber risklerin an\u0131nda g\u00fcndeme gelmesi, bu t\u00fcr olaylarda erken do\u011frulama ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6nlemlerinin \u00f6nemini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

2021\u20132025 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u0130spanya ve Portekiz\u2019de ya\u015fanan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli kesintiler, \u0130ber Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ciddi s\u0131navlardan ge\u00e7ti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Teknik sistem aksakl\u0131klar\u0131, y\u00fcksek yenilenebilir n\u00fcfuzu, k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 enterkoneksiyon kapasitesi ve siber sald\u0131r\u0131 senaryolar\u0131 gibi \u00e7ok boyutlu fakt\u00f6rler, enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve altyap\u0131 sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 birlikte etkilemektedir. Kesinti analizleri, enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011finin yaln\u0131zca arz s\u00fcreklili\u011fi ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmay\u0131p \u015febeke dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitlendirilmi\u015f enerji kaynaklar\u0131 ve siber koruma \u00f6nlemlerini kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret etmektedir. \u0130leride benzer olaylar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in entegre \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak \u015febeke g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmesi, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k enerji kaynaklar\u0131 y\u00f6netimi ve siber g\u00fcvenlik stratejilerinin h\u0131zla hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ayd\u0131n, H.; Bar\u0131\u015fkan, M. A. ve \u00c7etinkaya, A. (2021). Siber G\u00fcvenlik Kapsam\u0131nda Enerji Sistemleri G\u00fcvenli\u011finin De\u011ferlendirilmesi. G\u00fcvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi, 10<\/em>(1), 151-174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.28956\/gbd.941801<\/a><\/p>\n

BBC. (2025). \u0130spanya ve Portekiz tarihi elektrik kesintisinin nedenini bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor<\/em>. (28 Nisan 2025). https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/turkce\/articles\/c2lzy7k1djgo<\/a> (E.T: 12.05.2025).<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u0131tak, E. ve K\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7 Pala, P. B. (2016). Yenilenebilir Enerjinin Enerji G\u00fcvenli\u011fine Etkisi. S\u00fcleyman Demirel \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Dergisi<\/em> (25), 79-102.<\/p>\n

Entsoe. (2025). ENTSO-E expert panel initiates the investigation into the causes of Iberian blackout. Entsoe Electrifying Europe<\/em> (9 May\u0131s 2025). https:\/\/www.entsoe.eu\/news\/2025\/05\/09\/entso-e-expert-panel-initiates-the-investigation-into-the-causes-of-iberian-blackout\/<\/a> (E.T: 12.05.2025).<\/p>\n

Rannard, G. ve Halil, H. (2025). \u00bfQu\u00e9 pudo haber causado el masivo apag\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrico en Espa\u00f1a y Portugal?. BBC News<\/em> (29 Nisan 2025). https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/mundo\/articles\/cjr7vdjegp7o<\/a> (E.T: 12.05.2025).<\/p>\n

Temizer, M. (2025). Avrupa’da ya\u015fanan elektrik kesintileri \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirdi. Anadolu Ajans\u0131<\/em> (29 Nisan 2025). https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/tr\/ekonomi\/avrupada-yasanan-elektrik-kesintileri-ulkeler-arasi-baglantilarin-dayanikliligini-gundeme-getirdi\/3551751<\/a> (E.T: 12.05.2025).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Portekiz ve \u0130spanya\u2019da Ya\u015fanan Elektrik Kesintilerinin Kritik Altyap\u0131lara Etkisi \u00a0 Giri\u015f Nisan 2025\u2019te \u0130ber Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 vuran b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli elektrik kesintisi, \u0130spanya ve Portekiz\u2019de milyonlarca insan\u0131 saatlerce\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":181,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_thinkrank_schema_form_data":"","_thinkrank_selected_schema_type":"","_thinkrank_additional_schemas":"","_thinkrank_canonical_url":"","_thinkrank_og_title":"","_thinkrank_og_description":"","_thinkrank_og_image":"","_thinkrank_twitter_title":"","_thinkrank_twitter_description":"","_thinkrank_twitter_image":"","_thinkrank_imported_from":"","_thinkrank_focus_keywords":[],"_thinkrank_focus_keyword":"","_thinkrank_robots_meta_enabled":0,"_thinkrank_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_advanced_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_primary_category":0,"footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[2306,2265],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[2150],"class_list":["post-20561","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dizman-tvenerji","category-tv-kose-yazilari"],"yoast_head":"\nEnerji G\u00fcvenli\u011fi - 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