{"id":20563,"date":"2025-08-27T16:57:16","date_gmt":"2025-08-27T13:57:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/?p=20563"},"modified":"2026-08-07T22:14:38","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T19:14:38","slug":"enerji-guvenligi-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/enerji-guvenligi-8\/","title":{"rendered":"Enerji G\u00fcvenli\u011fi &#8211; 8"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em>ABD ve \u00c7in\u2019in Enerji G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>ABD ve \u00c7in, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck iki ekonomisi ve enerji t\u00fcketicisidir. Ancak enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fine yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 tarihi, co\u011frafi ve politik ko\u015fullar nedeniyle belirgin farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6stermektedir. Her iki \u00fclke de enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fin stratejik bir unsuru olarak g\u00f6rse de bunu sa\u011flama y\u00f6ntemlerinde d\u0131\u015f politika \u00f6ncelikleri, yerli \u00fcretim imk\u00e2nlar\u0131, teknolojik yat\u0131r\u0131m alanlar\u0131 ve stratejik rezerv politikalar\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda ayr\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. ABD, 20\u2019nci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren enerji arz\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir d\u0131\u015f politika geli\u015ftirmi\u015f olup Orta Do\u011fu\u2019da istikrar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131, deniz ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve dost \u00fclkelerle enerji ittifaklar\u0131 kurulmas\u0131 gibi ad\u0131mlar\u0131 enerji stratejisinin par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Yetiv, 2004). \u00c7in ise son otuz y\u0131lda h\u0131zla artan enerji ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilmek ad\u0131na kaynak diplomasisine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vererek Afrika\u2019dan Orta Asya\u2019ya uzanan geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyada enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ve uzun vadeli tedarik anla\u015fmalar\u0131yla kendi g\u00fcvenli\u011fini tesis etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Rolland, 2017; Y\u0131lmazt\u00fcrk, 2019; Luthra ve Gupta, 2023). Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede iki \u00fclkenin yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, d\u0131\u015f politikada biri daha \u00e7ok \u201caskeri ve ittifak g\u00fcvencelerine (ABD)\u201d dayan\u0131rken, di\u011ferinin \u201cekonomik ortakl\u0131klar ve altyap\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na (\u00c7in)\u201d odakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir tablo sergiledi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>2010\u2019larda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen kaya gaz\u0131 devrimi, ABD\u2019yi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck petrol ve do\u011fal gaz \u00fcreticisi konumuna ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2023 itibar\u0131yla ABD, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck LNG ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 haline gelmi\u015f ve Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n Rus gaz\u0131na alternatif aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir tedarik\u00e7i olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (BP, 2022). Bu durum, ABD d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131 enerjide ihracat odakl\u0131 bir konuma da getirmi\u015f olup m\u00fcttefiklerine kar\u015f\u0131 enerji sa\u011flama (\u00f6rne\u011fin 2022\u2019de AB\u2019ye LNG sevkiyat\u0131 s\u00f6zleri) \u00fczerinden jeopolitik n\u00fcfuzunu peki\u015ftirme stratejisi izledi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir (Uluslararas\u0131 Politika Akademisi, 2012; E\u0130A, 2022). \u00c7in ise d\u0131\u015f politikada enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 bir yol izlemi\u015ftir. \u00c7in\u2019in enerji diplomasisi, \u201ciki pazar, iki kaynak\u201d stratejisine dayanmaktad\u0131r. Yani hem i\u00e7 hem d\u0131\u015f pazarlar\u0131 kullanarak hem yerli \u00fcretimi hem ithalat kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlendirerek g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flama yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 da denilebilir. Pekin y\u00f6netimi, Afrika (Angola, Nijerya), Ortado\u011fu (Suudi Arabistan, \u0130ran) ve Latin Amerika (Venezuela, Brezilya) gibi petrol ve gaz zengini \u00fclkelerle g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ticari ili\u015fkiler kurmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca devlet destekli petrol \u015firketleri (CNPC, Sinopec gibi) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bu \u00fclkelerde \u00fcretim sahalar\u0131 ve imtiyazlar elde etmi\u015ftir (Y\u0131lmazt\u00fcrk, 2019; Luthra ve Gupta, 2023; Gross ve Sall, 2025).<\/p>\n<p>K\u0131sacas\u0131, ABD\u2019nin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flama y\u00f6nteminde askeri ittifaklar ve k\u00fcresel piyasa liderli\u011fi \u00f6n plandayken (Biresselio\u011flu, 2012) \u00c7in\u2019in ikili anla\u015fmalar, altyap\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ve ekonomik n\u00fcfuz eksenlidir (Gross ve Sal, 2025). Bu farkl\u0131 yollar zaman zaman rekabeti do\u011fursa da her iki \u00fclke i\u00e7in de enerjide istikrar ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik ortak \u00e7\u0131kar olarak belirmektedir (Luthra ve Gupta, 2023). Gelecekte k\u00fcresel enerji d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc h\u0131zland\u0131k\u00e7a ABD ve \u00c7in\u2019in bu alandaki politikalar\u0131n\u0131n hem rekabet hem i\u015fbirli\u011fi unsurlar\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rarak \u015fekillenece\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck iki ekonomisinin enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi stratejilerindeki benzerlik ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar, k\u00fcresel enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011finin gidi\u015fat\u0131n\u0131 da tayin edecek \u00f6nemdedir ve uluslararas\u0131 enerji piyasalar\u0131 bu iki akt\u00f6r\u00fcn politikalar\u0131na duyarl\u0131 olmaya devam edecektir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Biresselio\u011flu, M. E. (2012). NATO\u2019nun de\u011fi\u015fen enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi alg\u0131s\u0131: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin olas\u0131 konumu. <em>Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler, 9<\/em>(34), 227-252.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2022\">\n<li>(2022). <em>Statistical Review of World Energy 2022<\/em>. London: BP. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bp.com\/content\/dam\/bp\/business-sites\/en\/global\/corporate\/pdfs\/energy-economics\/statistical-review\/bp-stats-review-2022-full-report.pdf\">https:\/\/www.bp.com\/content\/dam\/bp\/business-sites\/en\/global\/corporate\/pdfs\/energy-economics\/statistical-review\/bp-stats-review-2022-full-report.pdf<\/a> (E.T: 20.05.2025).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>E\u0130A. (2024). <em>The United States remained the world\u2019s largest liquefied natural gas exporter in 2024<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/todayinenergy\/detail.php?id=64844\">https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/todayinenergy\/detail.php?id=64844<\/a> (E.T: 21.05.2025).<\/p>\n<p>Gross, S. ve Sall, L. (2025). How do China and America think about the energy transition?. <em>Brookings<\/em> (13 Ocak 2025). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/how-do-china-and-america-think-about-the-energy-transition\/\">https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/how-do-china-and-america-think-about-the-energy-transition\/<\/a> (E.T: 21.05.2025).<\/p>\n<p>Luthra, G. ve Gupta, P. (2023). China\u2019s Belt and Road Initiative in the Energy Sector: Progress, Direction, and Trends. <em>Observer Research Foundation<\/em> (5 Aral\u0131k 2023). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.orfonline.org\/research\/chinas-belt-and-road-initiative-in-the-energy-sector\">https:\/\/www.orfonline.org\/research\/chinas-belt-and-road-initiative-in-the-energy-sector<\/a> (E.T: 20.05.2025).<\/p>\n<p>Rolland, N. (2017). Political and Strategic Implications of the Belt and Road Initiative. <em>The National Bureau of Asian Research<\/em> (23 May\u0131s 2017). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbr.org\/publication\/chinas-eurasian-century-political-and-strategic-implications-of-the-belt-and-road-initiative\/\">https:\/\/www.nbr.org\/publication\/chinas-eurasian-century-political-and-strategic-implications-of-the-belt-and-road-initiative\/<\/a> (E.T: 19.05.2025).<\/p>\n<p>Uluslararas\u0131 Politika Akademisi. (2012).\u00a0 <em>Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nin k\u00fcresel enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi stratejisinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin rol\u00fc.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/politikaakademisi.org\/2012\/07\/17\/amerika-birlesik-devletlerinin-kuresel-enerji-guvenligi-stratejisinde-turkiyenin-rolu\/\">https:\/\/politikaakademisi.org\/2012\/07\/17\/amerika-birlesik-devletlerinin-kuresel-enerji-guvenligi-stratejisinde-turkiyenin-rolu\/<\/a> (E.T: 20.05.2025).<\/p>\n<p>Yetiv, S. A. (2004). Crude Awakenings: Global Oil Security and American Foreign Policy. <em>Cornell University Press<\/em>. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.7591\/j.ctt7zgth\">http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.7591\/j.ctt7zgth<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Y\u0131lmazt\u00fcrk, H. H. (2019). Ba\u015fat g\u00fc\u00e7 olma yolunda \u00c7in: Enerji ve pazar ihtiyac\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda Afrika politikalar\u0131. <em>Ni\u011fde \u00d6mer Halisdemir \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Dergisi, 1(<\/em>2), 156-170.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ABD ve \u00c7in\u2019in Enerji G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 &nbsp; ABD ve \u00c7in, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck iki ekonomisi ve enerji t\u00fcketicisidir. Ancak enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fine yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 tarihi, co\u011frafi ve\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":181,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_thinkrank_schema_form_data":"","_thinkrank_selected_schema_type":"","_thinkrank_additional_schemas":"","_thinkrank_canonical_url":"","_thinkrank_og_title":"","_thinkrank_og_description":"","_thinkrank_og_image":"","_thinkrank_twitter_title":"","_thinkrank_twitter_description":"","_thinkrank_twitter_image":"","_thinkrank_imported_from":"","_thinkrank_focus_keywords":[],"_thinkrank_focus_keyword":"","_thinkrank_robots_meta_enabled":0,"_thinkrank_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_advanced_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_primary_category":0,"footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[2306,2265],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[2150],"class_list":["post-20563","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dizman-tvenerji","category-tv-kose-yazilari"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Enerji G\u00fcvenli\u011fi - 8 - T\u00fcrkiye Enerji Stratejileri ve Politikalar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/enerji-guvenligi-8\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Enerji G\u00fcvenli\u011fi - 8 - T\u00fcrkiye Enerji Stratejileri ve Politikalar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ABD ve \u00c7in\u2019in Enerji G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 &nbsp; ABD ve \u00c7in, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck iki ekonomisi ve enerji t\u00fcketicisidir. 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ABD ve \u00c7in, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck iki ekonomisi ve enerji t\u00fcketicisidir. 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