{"id":20565,"date":"2025-08-27T16:58:31","date_gmt":"2025-08-27T13:58:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/?p=20565"},"modified":"2026-08-07T22:14:38","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T19:14:38","slug":"enerji-guvenligi-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/enerji-guvenligi-9\/","title":{"rendered":"Enerji G\u00fcvenli\u011fi \u2013 9"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em>Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin Enerji G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Stratejileri<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>AB, enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fine uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r ortak politikalar\u0131n\u0131n merkezinde yer vermektedir. AB\u2019nin enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi stratejileri, \u00fcye \u00fclkelerin ortak \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak ad\u0131na kaynak ve tedarik\u00e7i \u00e7e\u015fitlendirmesi, i\u00e7 enerji piyasan\u0131n entegrasyonu ve yenilenebilir enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ekseninde \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir. 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren AB, \u00f6zellikle do\u011fu kom\u015fular\u0131yla ya\u015fanan gaz arz sorunlar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda, Enerji Strateji Belgeleri ve Enerji Birli\u011fi giri\u015fimiyle arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Rusya, AB i\u00e7in uzun y\u0131llar en b\u00fcy\u00fck do\u011fal gaz tedarik\u00e7isi oldu\u011fundan Rusya\u2019ya ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k AB\u2019nin enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda kritik bir yere sahiptir (Elliot, 2022). Bu nedenle AB, hen\u00fcz 2014 K\u0131r\u0131m krizinden sonra haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Avrupa Enerji G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Stratejisi\u2019nde dahi kaynak \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi (\u00f6rne\u011fin LNG altyap\u0131s\u0131 in\u015fas\u0131, farkl\u0131 tedarik\u00e7i \u00fclkelerle anla\u015fmalar) ve enerji verimlili\u011fi \u00f6nlemleriyle d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltmay\u0131 planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir (Sevim, 2012, s. 4386; Avrupa Komisyonu, 2022, K\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7 Pala, 2016). Ancak bu stratejilerin uygulanmas\u0131ndaki ivme, 2022\u2019de patlak veren Rusya-Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131yla yeni bir boyuta ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Rusya\u2019n\u0131n 2022\u2019de Ukrayna\u2019ya sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, AB enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi politikalar\u0131nda bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131yla Moskova\u2019n\u0131n enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 stratejik bir bask\u0131 unsuru olarak kullanabilece\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fi somut bi\u00e7imde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 boyunca Rusya, Avrupa\u2019ya do\u011fal gaz ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlam\u0131\u015f ve Kuzey Ak\u0131m boru hatlar\u0131ndaki sabotajlar ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ba\u011fl\u0131 sevkiyatlar\u0131n tek tarafl\u0131 durdurulmas\u0131 sonucunda, Rus gaz\u0131n\u0131n AB i\u00e7i do\u011fal gaz t\u00fcketimindeki pay\u0131 on y\u0131llar\u0131n en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyesi olan %25\u2019e kadar gerilemi\u015ftir (IEA, 2022). Sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi baz\u0131 AB \u00fclkelerinde %40\u2019lar\u0131 bulan Rus gaz\u0131 pay\u0131n\u0131n bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fmesi, AB\u2019nin acil eylem planlar\u0131 sayesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir (Elliot, 2022). Avrupa Komisyonu, sava\u015f\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan Mart ay\u0131 2022\u2019de REPowerEU adl\u0131 kapsaml\u0131 bir plan a\u00e7\u0131klayarak Rus fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede bitirmeyi stratejik hedef olarak ilan etmi\u015ftir (Tayda\u015f, 2024). Bu plan kapsam\u0131nda AB, do\u011fal gaz talebini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme, yenilenebilir enerji \u00fcretimini h\u0131zland\u0131rma ve enerji tedarikinde kaynak \u00e7e\u015fitlendirmesi i\u00e7in koordineli ad\u0131mlar atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda AB \u00fclkeleri, 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda alternatif tedarik\u00e7ilerden LNG ithalat\u0131n\u0131 rekor d\u00fczeyde art\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri (ABD), Katar, Norve\u00e7 gibi kaynaklardan tedariki y\u00fckseltmi\u015ftir. IEA (2023) verilerine g\u00f6re AB\u2019nin LNG ithalat\u0131 2022\u2019de \u00f6nceki y\u0131la oranla belirgin bi\u00e7imde y\u00fckselmi\u015f olup bu sayede Rusya\u2019dan boru hatt\u0131yla gelen gaz a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 telafi edilmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde AB, Rusya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 enerji yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 devreye sokarak Rus k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ithalat\u0131n\u0131 tamamen yasaklam\u0131\u015f ve petrol ithalat\u0131n\u0131 da kademeli ambargolarla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu ad\u0131mlar AB\u2019nin enerji ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeyi ama\u00e7larken k\u0131sa vadede enerji fiyatlar\u0131nda dalgalanmalara yol a\u00e7sa da orta vadede daha dengeli ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir tedarik yap\u0131s\u0131 kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca sava\u015f sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde AB, ortak do\u011fal gaz al\u0131m platformu kurarak \u00fcye \u00fclkelerin birbiriyle rekabet etmek yerine birlikte hareket etmesine \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmi\u015ftir (Avrupa Komisyonu, 2022; 2023a, Tayda\u015f, 2024). Bu sayede 2022-2023 y\u0131l\u0131 k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda olas\u0131 bir gaz arz krizinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f, depolama hedefleri tutturularak Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n enerji sistemi dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k testini ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Rusya-Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131, AB\u2019nin enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi stratejilerinde teoriden prati\u011fe h\u0131zl\u0131 bir ge\u00e7i\u015fi zorunlu k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sava\u015f\u0131n tetikledi\u011fi enerji krizi ortam\u0131nda AB, y\u0131llard\u0131r dile getirdi\u011fi kaynak \u00e7e\u015fitlendirme ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltma hedeflerini somut politikalarla uygulamaya koymu\u015ftur. Enerji ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kavram\u0131, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te AB s\u00f6yleminin merkezine yerle\u015fmi\u015f olup 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 sonras\u0131 politikalar Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 Rusya\u2019ya enerji ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Elbette bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, enerji piyasalar\u0131nda dalgalanmalar ve y\u00fcksek fiyatlar gibi maliyetler getirmi\u015ftir. Ancak AB, ortak hareket etmenin avantaj\u0131yla bu maliyetleri y\u00f6netmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve uzun vadede temiz enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 da h\u0131zland\u0131rarak hem g\u00fcvenlik hem iklim hedeflerini uyumlu k\u0131lma yoluna girmi\u015ftir (Avrupa Komisyonu, 2023a; Tayda\u015f, 2024). Sonu\u00e7 olarak, sava\u015f sonras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nemde AB\u2019nin enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi stratejileri daha b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl ve kararl\u0131 bir y\u00f6nde evrilmi\u015f olup kaynak \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi, yerli yenilenebilirler ve ortak dayan\u0131\u015fma mekanizmalar\u0131 sayesinde Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n enerji arz\u0131 daha da g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Kaynak\u00e7a<\/p>\n<p>Avrupa Komisyonu. (2022). REPowerEU: Joint European Action for More Affordable, Secure and Sustainable Energy. <em>Brussels: European Commission<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/topics\/energy\/repowereu_en\">https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/topics\/energy\/repowereu_en<\/a> (E.T: 19.05.2025).<\/p>\n<p>Avrupa Komisyonu. (2023a). REPowerEU \u2013 Affordable, Secure and Sustainable Energy for Europe (Progress Report). <em>Brussels: European Commission<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/topics\/energy\/repowereu_en\">https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/topics\/energy\/repowereu_en<\/a> (E.T: 19.05.2025).<\/p>\n<p>Elliot, S. (2022). Russia set to meet just 25% of EU gas demand in 2022: IEA. <em>S&amp;P Global <\/em>(5 Haziran 2022). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/commodity-insights\/en\/news-research\/latest-news\/natural-gas\/070522-russia-set-to-meet-just-25-of-eu-gas-demand-in-2022-iea\">https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/commodity-insights\/en\/news-research\/latest-news\/natural-gas\/070522-russia-set-to-meet-just-25-of-eu-gas-demand-in-2022-iea<\/a> (E.T: 20.05.2025).<\/p>\n<p>IEA. (2022). <em>Gas Market Report \u2013 Q3 2022<\/em>. Paris: IEA. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/gas-market-report-q4-2022\">https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/gas-market-report-q4-2022<\/a> (E.T: 19.05.2025).<\/p>\n<p>K\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7 Pala, P. B. (2016). Enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ba\u011flam\u0131nda Avrupa Birli\u011fi enerji politikalar\u0131. <em>Dumlup\u0131nar \u00dcniversitesi \u0130\u0130BF Dergisi <\/em>(2), 48-58.<\/p>\n<p>Sevim, C. (2012). K\u00fcresel enerji jeopoliti\u011fi ve enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi. <em>Ya\u015far \u00dcniversitesi E-Dergisi, 7<\/em>(26), 4378-4391. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19168\/jyu.90260\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19168\/jyu.90260<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Tayda\u015f, A. \u00d6. (2024). REPowerEU as a crisis response: Immediate diversification and green transition. <em>Ekonomi \u0130\u015fletme ve Maliye Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi, 6<\/em>(\u00d6zel Say\u0131 1), 79-86. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.38009\/ekimad.1502909\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.38009\/ekimad.1502909<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin Enerji G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Stratejileri AB, enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fine uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r ortak politikalar\u0131n\u0131n merkezinde yer vermektedir. AB\u2019nin enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi stratejileri, \u00fcye \u00fclkelerin ortak \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak ad\u0131na kaynak\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":181,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_thinkrank_schema_form_data":"","_thinkrank_selected_schema_type":"","_thinkrank_additional_schemas":"","_thinkrank_canonical_url":"","_thinkrank_og_title":"","_thinkrank_og_description":"","_thinkrank_og_image":"","_thinkrank_twitter_title":"","_thinkrank_twitter_description":"","_thinkrank_twitter_image":"","_thinkrank_imported_from":"","_thinkrank_focus_keywords":[],"_thinkrank_focus_keyword":"","_thinkrank_robots_meta_enabled":0,"_thinkrank_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_advanced_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_primary_category":0,"footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[2306,2265],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[2150],"class_list":["post-20565","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dizman-tvenerji","category-tv-kose-yazilari"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Enerji G\u00fcvenli\u011fi \u2013 9 - T\u00fcrkiye Enerji Stratejileri ve Politikalar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/enerji-guvenligi-9\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Enerji G\u00fcvenli\u011fi \u2013 9 - T\u00fcrkiye Enerji Stratejileri ve Politikalar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin Enerji G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Stratejileri AB, enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fine uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r ortak politikalar\u0131n\u0131n merkezinde yer vermektedir. 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