{"id":2894,"date":"2016-04-08T10:27:22","date_gmt":"2016-04-08T07:27:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/tr\/?p=2894"},"modified":"2026-08-07T22:14:22","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T19:14:22","slug":"petrolun-devri-kapaniyor-mu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/petrolun-devri-kapaniyor-mu\/","title":{"rendered":"Petrol\u00fcn Devri Kapan\u0131yor Mu?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>O\u011fuzhan AKYENER\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>TESPAM Ba\u015fkan\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">oakyener@tespam.org\/tr<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<ol start=\"19\">\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">y\u00fczy\u0131lda kurduklar\u0131 Standart Oil isimli petrol \u015firketi ile ba\u015flayan ve sonras\u0131nda olu\u015fturdu\u011fu monopoli ve haks\u0131z rekabet ortam\u0131 nedeni ile ABD mahkemeleri taraf\u0131ndan birka\u00e7 par\u00e7aya b\u00f6l\u00fcnse de, her b\u00f6l\u00fcnen par\u00e7as\u0131 yeniden sekt\u00f6rdeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlerden olmay\u0131 ba\u015faran, d\u00fcnya y\u00f6netiminde s\u00f6z sahibi oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen Rockefeller ailesinin petrol sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden \u00e7ekildi\u011fine dair a\u00e7\u0131klamalar uluslararas\u0131 kamuoyunu bir hayli me\u015fgul etti.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Uluslararas\u0131 kamuoyunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra T\u00fcrk kamuoyunda da konu Rockefeller\u2019in petrol sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden tamamen \u00e7ekildi\u011fi \u015feklinde alg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ortaya petrol ve gaz sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn gelece\u011fi ile ilgili bir s\u00fcr\u00fc komplo teorisi at\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Denmeye ba\u015fland\u0131 ki;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cRockefeller petrol sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden \u00e7ekiliyor. Petrol fiyatlar\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Demek ki, art\u0131k petrol\u00fcn devri bitiyor. Gelece\u011fin enerji kaynaklar\u0131 yenilenebilir olacak.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cPetrol\u00fcn \u00f6mr\u00fc azald\u0131. Bu sebeple bir devrim ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cBizim \u015fimdiden bu konuyu dikkatle inceleyip, petrol\u00fc bir kenara b\u0131rak\u0131p, gelece\u011fin enerji kaynaklar\u0131na odaklanmam\u0131z gerekli\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Peki bu alg\u0131lar ve yorumlar ne kadar ger\u00e7ek\u00e7iydi?<\/p>\n<p>S\u0131radan insanlardan ziyade, piyasadaki uzmanlardan dahi benzer yorumlar\u0131n gelmesi belki de bu konuya az da olsa e\u011filme ve k\u0131sa da olsa baz\u0131 tespitleri aktarma noktas\u0131nda bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapmak i\u00e7in yeterli sebepti.<\/p>\n<p>Bu sebebe binaen, \u00a0\u00f6ncelikle birka\u00e7 genel grafi\u011fe yer vermek faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Exxon Mobile\u2019in haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cThe Outlook For Energy: A View to 2040, 2015\u201d adl\u0131 raporda yer alan ilk grafikten (grafik1) d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusundaki art\u0131\u015f profili, gayri safi milli has\u0131lalardaki de\u011fi\u015fim ve bu kriterler dikkate al\u0131narak enerji talebindeki de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir. Grafi\u011fin detayl\u0131 yorumuna \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/tespam.org\/tr\/makaleler\/bolgesel-enerji-politikalarina-yon-veren-bir-ulke-olma-hedefi-dogrultusunda-enerji-bakanliginin-kurumsal-yapisinin-incelenmesi\">https:\/\/tespam.org\/tr\/makaleler\/bolgesel-enerji-politikalarina-yon-veren-bir-ulke-olma-hedefi-dogrultusunda-enerji-bakanliginin-kurumsal-yapisinin-incelenmesi<\/a>\u201d adresinden ula\u015f\u0131labilir. Fakat burada k\u0131saca de\u011finilmesi gereken husus; d\u00fcnya enerji talebinin enerji verimlili\u011finin sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 katk\u0131lara ra\u011fmen ne kadar oranda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterece\u011finin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesidir.<\/p>\n<p>Yani d\u00fcnya enerji talebi artacakt\u0131r. Bu talep art\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zellikle geli\u015fmemi\u015f ve geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde \u00e7ok daha net bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6zlemlenecektir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2896 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/petrol-devr\u013111.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"840\" height=\"328\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Grafik1: N\u00fcfus, Gayri Safi Milli Has\u0131la, Enerji Talebi De\u011fi\u015fim Oranlar\u0131 2040<sup>1<\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>D\u00fcnya enerji talebinin art\u0131\u015f oran\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlendikten sonra dikkat edilmesi gereken ikinci husus bu talebin kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131nda petrol ve gaz kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n yine en \u00f6n s\u0131ralarda olaca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durum Grafik2\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Demek ki, petrol ve gaz \u00f6nemini yitirmeyecektir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2897\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/petoldevr22.png\" width=\"557\" height=\"438\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Grafik2: Global Enerji Talebi Oranlar\u0131 2040<sup>1<\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Petrol fiyatlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe de genel bir fiyat de\u011fi\u015fim grafi\u011fi \u00fczerinden bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; Grafik3\u2019ten de g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere; 2005\u2019li y\u0131llarda h\u0131zl\u0131 bir fiyat art\u0131\u015f trendine girilmekte, sonra bu trend tekrar d\u00fc\u015fmekte, 2010\u2019lu y\u0131llarda yeniden art\u0131\u015fa ge\u00e7en petrol fiyatlar\u0131 2014 ba\u015flar\u0131nda yeniden d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. \u015eu an ise 40 $\/varil civar\u0131nda seyretmektedir. Farkl\u0131 etkenler sebebi ile birka\u00e7 y\u0131l s\u00fcren sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlenen dalgalanmalar\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 eder isek, bunu da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki grafikte siyah \u00e7izgi ile g\u00f6r\u00fclen ortalama bir fiyat art\u0131\u015f trendi ile ifade edersek, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz petrol fiyatlar\u0131 olmas\u0131 gereken fiyat \u00e7izgisinden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Fakat ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde 100 $\/varil civar\u0131ndaki seyir de olmas\u0131 gerekenin \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde bir dalgalanmad\u0131r. Demek ki beklenen 2018\u2019li y\u0131llarda tekrar 70 $\/varil civarlar\u0131nda bir seyirdir. Ve mevcut petrol fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 etkenler sebebi ile de\u011fi\u015fse de, belli oranda artaca\u011f\u0131 beklenecektir.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u011fer a\u00e7\u0131dan, her ne kadar fiyatlardaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f petrol sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 olumsuz etkilese de, bu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn bitti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmeyecektir. Ayr\u0131ca d\u00fc\u015fen petrol ve petrolden etkilenen gaz fiyatlar\u0131, petrol ve gazdan enerji \u00fcretim maliyetini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmekte bu durum da di\u011fer enerji t\u00fcrlerine yap\u0131lacak yat\u0131r\u0131mlar i\u00e7in soru i\u015fareti olu\u015fmas\u0131na sebep olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bir di\u011fer konu da, hisseleri borsalara a\u00e7\u0131k olan b\u00fcy\u00fck petrol \u015firketlerinin d\u00fc\u015fen petrol fiyatlar\u0131 ile birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar neredeyse yar\u0131ya inen piyasa de\u011ferleri neticesinde baz\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck hisse sahiplerinin farkl\u0131 spek\u00fclatif hamleler ve a\u00e7\u0131klamalar ile hisse sat\u0131\u015f ve al\u0131\u015f yap\u0131yor olmalar\u0131 da dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6nemli bir husustur. (Bu duruma Kuzey Irak\u2019ta faaliyet g\u00f6steren Genel Energy\u2019nin son bir y\u0131ldaki faaliyetleri \u2013 s\u00f6ylemleri \u2013 hisse hareketleri g\u00fczel bir \u00f6rnek olarak incelenebilecektir.)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2898 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/petoel-devr\u013133.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"624\" height=\"419\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Grafik3: 1988-2015 Y\u0131llar\u0131 Aras\u0131 Petrol Fiyatlar\u0131ndaki De\u011fi\u015fim<sup>2<\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Gelece\u011fin enerji kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyecek en \u00f6nemli hususlardan bir tanesi de, birim enerji \u00fcretim maliyetlerindeki de\u011fi\u015fimlerdir. Bu sebeple a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki grafi\u011fin incelenmesi faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Grafik 4\u2019ten de g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere, baz\u0131 enerji verimlili\u011fi teknolojileri alan\u0131nda maliyetler azalaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, g\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczgaz gibi yenilenebilir enerji teknolojilerinde de maliyetler \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalacakt\u0131r. Bu azalma birim enerji \u00fcretim maliyetlerinin d\u00fc\u015fmesi anlam\u0131na gelecektir. Petrol ve gazda ise azalma ile birlikte art\u0131\u015f e\u011filiminin de g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor olmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi, daha karma\u015f\u0131k, ankonvansiyonel y\u00f6ntem gerektiren yada deniz sahalar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilecek olmas\u0131n\u0131n tahmin ediliyor olu\u015fudur. Bu sebeple maliyetler y\u00fckselecektir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu durum yenilenebilir enerjiyi te\u015fvik edecektir. Fakat yine de piyasalar\u0131n, genel maliyetlerin ve teknolojiye eri\u015fim imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi gereklidir.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2899 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/petroldevr\u013144.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"712\" height=\"443\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Grafik4: Farkl\u0131 Enerji T\u00fcrlerinde Birim Maliyet De\u011fi\u015fimleri 2040<sup>3<\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Yukar\u0131daki grafikten anla\u015f\u0131lan maliyet azal\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6zellikle elektrik \u00fcretiminde kendini g\u00f6sterecektir.\u00a0 A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki grafikten de g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere 2040\u2019ta yenilenebilir enerjinin elektrik \u00fcretimindeki pay\u0131 k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ge\u00e7ecek ve kendisine yak\u0131n olan gaza da fark atacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2900 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/petroldevr\u013155.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"759\" height=\"444\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Grafik 5: Farkl\u0131 Enerji T\u00fcrlerinin Elektrik \u00dcretimindeki Paylar\u0131ndaki De\u011fi\u015fim<sup>3<\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Bunlar ile birlikte farkl\u0131 enerji t\u00fcketim alanlar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fimlerin de analiz edilmesi faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. \u00a0Fakat genele bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 2040\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda dahi petrol enerji piyasalar\u0131ndaki hakimiyetini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrecektir. Bu s\u00f6ylemi vurgular iken fikir vermesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan 2006 y\u0131l\u0131na ait olsa da d\u00fcnya petrol t\u00fcketiminde sekt\u00f6rlerin pay\u0131 incelendi\u011finde; Grafik 6\u2019dan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere genel olarak d\u00fcnyada petrol t\u00fcketiminin yar\u0131s\u0131 ula\u015f\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ula\u015f\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden sonra ise ikinci s\u0131ray\u0131 end\u00fcstriyel alanlar almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-2901 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/petroldevr\u013166.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"624\" height=\"482\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Grafik6: D\u00fcnya Petrol T\u00fcketiminin Sekt\u00f6rlere G\u00f6re Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<sup>4<\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Peki acaba elektrikli ara\u00e7lar yayg\u0131nla\u015fsa ve petrol \u00fcr\u00fcnleri art\u0131k ula\u015f\u0131mda kullan\u0131lmasa, petrol ihtiyac\u0131 yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fmeyecek midir?<\/p>\n<p>Evet do\u011fal olarak d\u00fc\u015fecektir. Fakat b\u00f6yle bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in gerekli ucuz teknoloji, servis-yedek par\u00e7a-\u00fcretim altyap\u0131s\u0131, halka indirgenmi\u015f finansal kapasite ve di\u011fer gerekli olan de\u011fi\u015fkenler mevcut mudur? Hay\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Peki yak\u0131n zamanda mevcut hale gelebilir mi? Belki yak\u0131t tasarrufu sa\u011flayacak hibrit motorlar i\u00e7in k\u0131smen evet fakat sadece elektrikli motorlar i\u00e7in en az 50 y\u0131l i\u00e7in hay\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcm piyasay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye ve bu de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yaparken de, petrol sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc ve sekt\u00f6rde yer alan b\u00fcy\u00fck devleri ikinci plana itecek bir giri\u015fimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz milyar dolarl\u0131k b\u00fct\u00e7e yeter mi? Hay\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>CIA FACTBOOK 2015 verilerine g\u00f6re 113,7 trilyon $ olan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n toplam gayri safi has\u0131las\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda\u00a0 sadece petrol \u00fcretim has\u0131lat\u0131n\u0131n petrol\u00fcn varili 40$ iken hesaplanan 31 trilyon $ civar\u0131ndaki y\u0131ll\u0131k hacmi, bu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n<p>Demek ki yukar\u0131da ifade edilen komplo teorileri en az\u0131ndan \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 50 y\u0131l i\u00e7in tutarl\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u011fer taraftan d\u00fcnyada petrol\u00fcn bitti\u011fine dair s\u00f6ylentiler de y\u0131llard\u0131r devam etmekte fakat yap\u0131lan yeni ke\u015fifler, \u00f6zellikle son y\u0131llarda geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ankonvansiyonel kaynaklar\u0131n \u00fcretimi ile alakal\u0131 teknolojiler sayesinde hi\u00e7bir zaman ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemektedir. Belki birka\u00e7 as\u0131r da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek gibi g\u00f6z\u00fckmemektedir.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eimdi yeniden Rockefeller grubunun sekt\u00f6rden \u00e7ekilmesine odaklan\u0131l\u0131r ise; asl\u0131nda ulusal bas\u0131nda bahsedildi\u011fi gibi Rockefeller grubunun petrol ve gaz sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden tamamen \u00e7ekilmesi gibi bir durum yoktur. Sadece Rockefeller ailesinin fonlar\u0131ndan bir tanesi olan Rockefeller Brothers Fund 860 milyar $ civar\u0131nda bir hacme sahip olan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n %7 \u2018sine tekabul eden 50 milyar $\u2019l\u0131k k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 petrol ve gaz sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden \u00e7ekip, temiz enerji olarak nitelendirilen yenilenebilir enerjiye (daha do\u011frusu r\u00fczgar ve g\u00fcne\u015f alanlar\u0131na) yat\u0131racaklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu a\u00e7\u0131lama da Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019in New York\u2019da d\u00fczenledi\u011fi uluslararas\u0131 iklim zirvesinden bir g\u00fcn \u00f6nce yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcndeme oturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>Yoksa ortada b\u00fcy\u00fck bir devrim, sekt\u00f6rden ayr\u0131lma vb. somut bir giri\u015fim yoktur.<\/p>\n<p>Tabii, bu konuyu \u00fclkemiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fimizde; \u00fclke olarak petrol ve do\u011falgaz alan\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u015firketler olu\u015fturabilme stratejisi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle de bu kaynaklar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in gerekli ucuz-yerli teknolojilerin geli\u015ftirilmesi \u00fczerinde ciddi ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmas\u0131 gereklidir.<\/p>\n<p>Bulundu\u011fumuz y\u00fczy\u0131lda hen\u00fcz tam ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmese de, en pop\u00fcler olma konumuna gelen do\u011falgaz\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, bir sonraki y\u00fczy\u0131lda t\u00fcm elektri\u011fimizi yenilenebilir enerjiden kar\u015f\u0131lama konusunda ve bundan sonra da \u00fcretmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yerli otomobilde ilk ba\u015fta hibrit motorlar\u0131 kullanma ve belki bundan 50 y\u0131l sonra da sadece elektrik ile sorunsuz ve ekonomik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan otomobilleri \u00fcretme konusunda stratejiler geli\u015ftirmeliyiz.<\/p>\n<p>Belki bu tarz uzun d\u00f6nemli stratejiler sayesinde yeniden enerji \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimlerinde \u00f6nden gidenlerden olabiliriz.<\/p>\n<p>Fakat tekrar vurgulamak gerekiyor ki, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yorumlarda tutarl\u0131 ve bilimsel olmal\u0131, somut ad\u0131mlar atmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>Kaynaklar:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u201cThe Outlook For Energy: A View to 2040\u201d, EXXON MOBILE<\/li>\n<li><em>Bloomberg<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u201cWorld Energy Outlook 2015\u201d, IEA<\/li>\n<li>\u201cInternational Energy Outlook 2006\u201d, EIA<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>&#8220;Yay\u0131nlanan haber ve yaz\u0131lar\u0131n t\u00fcm haklar\u0131 TESPAM&#8217;a aittir. <\/strong><strong>Tekrar yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 halinde kaynak g\u00f6sterilerek bu sayfaya aktif ba\u011flant\u0131 sa\u011flanmas\u0131 zorunludur.&#8221;<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki enerji politikalar\u0131 odakl\u0131 ilk ve tek sivil yap\u0131lanma\u2026\u201d\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u201cEnerji politikalar\u0131 alan\u0131nda g\u00fcndemi uzaktan takip etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir T\u00fcrkiye yerine, g\u00fcndem belirleyen bir T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ula\u015fma idealiyle\u2026\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2441 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/logo.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"125\" height=\"125\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">TESPAM-T\u00fcrkiye Enerji Politikalar\u0131 ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Merkezi<\/p>\n<h6><em><strong>TESPAM, Uluslararas\u0131 Enerji Politikalar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Derne\u011finin Bir Kurulu\u015fudur<\/strong><\/em><\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O\u011fuzhan AKYENER\u00a0 TESPAM Ba\u015fkan\u0131 oakyener@tespam.org\/tr y\u00fczy\u0131lda kurduklar\u0131 Standart Oil isimli petrol \u015firketi ile ba\u015flayan ve sonras\u0131nda olu\u015fturdu\u011fu monopoli ve haks\u0131z rekabet ortam\u0131 nedeni ile ABD mahkemeleri\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":2895,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_thinkrank_schema_form_data":"","_thinkrank_selected_schema_type":"","_thinkrank_additional_schemas":"","_thinkrank_canonical_url":"","_thinkrank_og_title":"","_thinkrank_og_description":"","_thinkrank_og_image":"","_thinkrank_twitter_title":"","_thinkrank_twitter_description":"","_thinkrank_twitter_image":"","_thinkrank_imported_from":"","_thinkrank_focus_keywords":[],"_thinkrank_focus_keyword":"","_thinkrank_robots_meta_enabled":0,"_thinkrank_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_advanced_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_primary_category":0,"footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[101,106,117,108],"tags":[249,195,256,124,196,248,114,257,1206,238,120,247,208,251],"ppma_author":[2017],"class_list":["post-2894","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-belge","category-kose-yazilari","category-petrol-ve-dogalgaz","category-tr","tag-dunya-enerji-gorunumu","tag-dunya-petrol-tuketimi","tag-dunya-petrol-uretimi","tag-enerji-denklemi","tag-enerji-politkalari","tag-enerji-veri-bankasi","tag-oguzhan-akyener","tag-petrol-devri","tag-petrol-sektoru","tag-sivil-toplum","tag-turkiye","tag-turkiye-jeolojisi","tag-uluslararasi-enerji-ajansi","tag-yenilebilir-enerji"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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