{"id":4124,"date":"2017-01-17T13:39:31","date_gmt":"2017-01-17T11:39:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/tr\/?p=4124"},"modified":"2026-08-07T22:14:19","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T19:14:19","slug":"komur-gelismekte-olan-ulkelerde-yoksullukla-mucadele-etminin-tek-yolu-mu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/komur-gelismekte-olan-ulkelerde-yoksullukla-mucadele-etminin-tek-yolu-mu\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00f6m\u00fcr, Geli\u015fmekte Olan \u00dclkelerde Yoksullukla M\u00fccadele Etminin Tek Yolu Mu?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Sel\u00e7uk \u00d6ZGEN<\/span><\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezleri Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/span><\/p>\n

sozgen@tespam.org\/tr<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile m\u00fccadele ederken, y\u00fcksek sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn uygulanabilir bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olmaya devam edip etmeyece\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 giderek artmaktad\u0131r. Ancak k\u00f6m\u00fcr sanayi devriminde hayati bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve hala en b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomiye sahip \u00fclkelerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc yak\u0131t olarak kullanmay\u0131 art\u0131rarak devam etmektedir. Bunun i\u00e7in k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn ge\u00e7mi\u015fine, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki durumuna ve gelece\u011fine bakmak gerekir.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0130nsan refah\u0131n\u0131 ve verimlilikleri art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in end\u00fcstriyel, tar\u0131msal ve evsel yak\u0131t olarak kullan\u0131mlarda g\u00fcvenilir ve temiz enerjiye ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Ancak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rtbir yan\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi yoksulluk i\u00e7inde ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Enerji yoksullar\u0131, pi\u015firme, ayd\u0131nlatma, \u0131s\u0131tma ve di\u011fer g\u00fcnl\u00fck ihtiya\u00e7lar i\u00e7in temiz enerji ve elektrik enerjisi kullanmayan insanlard\u0131r. D\u00fcnya bankas\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re 1,1 milyar insan\u0131n hala elektri\u011fe eri\u015fim imk\u00e2n\u0131 yok ve d\u00fcnyadaki \u00fclkelerin \u00fc\u00e7te biri ciddi bir enerji krizi i\u00e7erisindedir.\u00a0 Geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde, \u00f6zellikle Afrika\u2019da n\u00fcfusun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc biyok\u00fctle kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmakta olup, bu durum o b\u00f6lgenin a\u011fa\u00e7s\u0131zlanmas\u0131na ve karbon kirlili\u011finin kritik seviyelere \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bu \u00fclkelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131nda g\u00fcnde 20 saati a\u015fan elektrik kesintileri meydana gelmektedir. Yoksullukla m\u00fccadele eden k\u0131s\u0131mlar i\u00e7in ekonomik ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131na \u015f\u00fcphesiz ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte K\u00f6m\u00fcr<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00f6m\u00fcr, nispeten di\u011fer enerji kaynaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re daha ucuz, yayg\u0131n olarak bulunabilen, b\u00fct\u00fcn kesimler i\u00e7in eri\u015fimi kolay bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak karbon kirlili\u011finin de ba\u015f akt\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu y\u00fczdendir ki k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda enerji yoksullu\u011funu bitirip bitiremeyece\u011fi hakk\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u0131llarda k\u00f6m\u00fcr, geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin enerji ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir paya sahipti, ancak \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 karbon dioksit, k\u00fck\u00fcrt dioksit ve azot oksit gibi emisyonlar\u0131 nedeniyle kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde sald\u0131r\u0131lara maruz kalmaktad\u0131r. Hal b\u00f6yle olunca, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcreticileri ve t\u00fcketicileri elektrik \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in verimli ve temiz teknolojilerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, karbon emisyonlar\u0131yla m\u00fccadele etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli roller \u00fcstlenmi\u015flerdir. \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak, y\u00fcksek k\u00fcll\u00fc k\u00f6m\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131 azaltmak ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr ithalat rejimini yeniden d\u00fczenlemek i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 giri\u015fimler k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta enerji da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yeniden \u015fekillendirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, Hindistan\u2019da dahil olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler k\u00f6m\u00fcre olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 azaltarak yenilenebilir enerjiye olan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmaktad\u0131rlar. Gelecekte elektrik \u00fcretiminin %50\u2019sinden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 yenilenebilir enerjiden kar\u015f\u0131lamay\u0131 planlayan Hindistan\u2019da halen b\u00fcy\u00fcyen talepleri kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in k\u00f6m\u00fcr tabanl\u0131 \u00fcretimlere ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bunun \u00fczerine k\u00fcresel bazda enerji yoksullu\u011funun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerinden biri k\u00f6m\u00fcr olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen D\u00fcnya Bankalar\u0131 baz\u0131 istisnalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yeni k\u00f6m\u00fcr tabanl\u0131 enerji \u00fcretimi yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in fon sa\u011flamay\u0131 durdurmu\u015ftur. Bununla birlikte \u00c7in\u2019in k\u00f6m\u00fcr politikalar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fimleri de D\u00fcnya k\u00f6m\u00fcr talebini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu durum ihracat\u00e7\u0131 firmalar\u0131n gelirlerinin d\u00fc\u015fmesine neden olmu\u015f, baz\u0131 maden \u015firketleri maliyetleri kar\u015f\u0131layamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kapanmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, enerji bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yoksul olan geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler alternatif yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131na tamamen ge\u00e7i\u015fi sa\u011flayamad\u0131k\u00e7a ucuz ve kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olan k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc kullanmaya devam edeceklerdir.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6m\u00fcrde Mevcut ve Gelecekteki E\u011filimler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclke elektrik \u00fcretim kapasitesini art\u0131rmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen hala b\u00fcy\u00fck bir enerji a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r. D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusu artt\u0131k\u00e7a bu durum \u015fiddetlenerek artmaya devam edecektir. 2030 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin enerji ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilmeleri i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 950 TWh\u2019e ihtiya\u00e7 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin D\u00fcnyadaki 2. En b\u00fcy\u00fck n\u00fcfusa sahip Hindistan\u2019\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim. Hindistan k\u00fcresel enerji t\u00fcketiminin %6\u2019s\u0131na sahip bir \u00fclke konumundad\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen elektri\u011fe ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olmayan 240 milyon ki\u015fiyi bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Gelecekte kentsel alanlara ta\u015f\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilen 315 milyon ki\u015finin \u00fclkenin enerji talebinde b\u00fcy\u00fck dalgalanmalara neden olaca\u011f\u0131 a\u015fik\u00e2rd\u0131r. Kom\u015fusu Pakistan\u2019a bakacak olursak ciddi bir enerji krizi i\u00e7erisinde bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00dclkedeki bir\u00e7ok insan g\u00fcnde 12 saat elektriksiz kalmaktad\u0131r. \u00dclkedeki 24.829 MW kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fcn %25\u2019i yerli k\u00f6m\u00fcr kaynaklar\u0131ndan sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizde de durum farkl\u0131 de\u011fildir. 2016 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu itibariyle yakla\u015f\u0131k 78.500 MW olan kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn 17.322 MW\u2019\u0131 yani %22,1\u2019i k\u00f6m\u00fcr tabanl\u0131 yak\u0131tlar kullanarak elektrik enerjisi \u00fcretmektedir. Yerli k\u00f6m\u00fcre dayal\u0131 kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz ise 9.437 MW\u2019d\u0131r (%12,1).<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya istatistiklerine g\u00f6re 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda D\u00fcnya enerji \u00fcretiminin %39\u2019u k\u00f6m\u00fcrden sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 milyar insan\u0131n k\u00f6m\u00fcrden \u00fcretilen elektri\u011fi kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmekte olup 7 milyon ki\u015fi de bu end\u00fcstride i\u015f imkan\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in ve Hindistan\u2019da dahil olmak \u00fczere geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde k\u00f6m\u00fcr temelli enerji \u00fcretimleri milyonlarca ki\u015fiyi yak\u0131ndan ilgilendirmektedir. Son 20 y\u0131lda \u00c7in, k\u00f6m\u00fcr ile \u00fcretti\u011fi elektri\u011fi 700 milyon haneye ula\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hindistan ise enerji talebinin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6m\u00fcrden \u00fcretti\u011fi enerjiyle kar\u015f\u0131lamakta olup, 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck 3 k\u00f6m\u00fcr ithalat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan biri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\n

K\u00f6m\u00fcrden Beklentiler Nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Enerji yoksullu\u011fu, hem insani hem de \u00e7evresel bir krizdir. Enerji yoksullu\u011funu azaltmak ve enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek g\u00fcvenlikli, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00e7evresel riskli ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir enerji \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemlerini dengeli kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar halinde kullanmak gerekmektedir. Ancak, enerji yoksullu\u011funu azaltmada alternatif enerji kaynaklar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn rol\u00fc daha \u00e7ok ilgi \u00e7ekici hale gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131 daha yolun ba\u015flar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu ve teknolojik\/ekonomik belirsizliklerin s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00f6nemde geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin fosil tabanl\u0131 enerji yak\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 tamamen terk etmeleri i\u00e7in \u00f6nlerinde uzun bir s\u00fcrecin oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z\u00fckmektedir. Ger\u00e7ekten de bu \u00fclkelerde enerji yoksullu\u011funu tamamen ortadan kald\u0131rmak ve karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in yenilenebilir enerjiye ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmakla beraber ciddi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde risklerini tolere edecek yat\u0131r\u0131m sermayelerine ve \u00f6nemli seviyede yap\u0131sal reformlara ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu anlatt\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z k\u00f6m\u00fcr end\u00fcstrisinin d\u00fcnya enerji \u00fcretiminin \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. 2005 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00fclkemizdeki bilinen k\u00f6m\u00fcr rezervinin 8,3 milyar ton oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmekteyken, yap\u0131lan yeni arama faaliyetleriyle 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu rakam 12 milyar tona, 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise 14 milyar tona \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmez bir enerji yak\u0131t\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmaya devam edece\u011fini de g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak arama faaliyetlerimizin h\u0131zla devam ettirilmesi ve yeni rezervler bulunarak toplam k\u00f6m\u00fcr rezervimizin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve k\u00f6m\u00fcre dayal\u0131 enerji santrali yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n h\u0131z kazanmas\u0131 \u00fclkemiz i\u00e7in \u00e7ok yerinde bir hareket olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sel\u00e7uk \u00d6ZGEN Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezleri Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc sozgen@tespam.org\/tr   D\u00fcnya iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile m\u00fccadele ederken, y\u00fcksek sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn uygulanabilir bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olmaya devam edip etmeyece\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 giderek artmaktad\u0131r….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":4125,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_thinkrank_schema_form_data":"","_thinkrank_selected_schema_type":"","_thinkrank_additional_schemas":"","_thinkrank_canonical_url":"","_thinkrank_og_title":"","_thinkrank_og_description":"","_thinkrank_og_image":"","_thinkrank_twitter_title":"","_thinkrank_twitter_description":"","_thinkrank_twitter_image":"","_thinkrank_imported_from":"","_thinkrank_focus_keywords":[],"_thinkrank_focus_keyword":"","_thinkrank_robots_meta_enabled":0,"_thinkrank_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_advanced_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_primary_category":0,"footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[103,353,379,119,397,398],"ppma_author":[2031],"class_list":["post-4124","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kose-yazilari","tag-enerji","tag-linyit","tag-selcuk-ozgen","tag-tespam","tag-tki","tag-yerli-komur"],"yoast_head":"\nK\u00f6m\u00fcr, 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