{"id":4548,"date":"2017-03-28T08:25:55","date_gmt":"2017-03-28T05:25:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/tr\/?p=4548"},"modified":"2026-08-07T22:14:17","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T19:14:17","slug":"turkiyennin-kaya-gazi-potansiyeli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/turkiyennin-kaya-gazi-potansiyeli\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiyen'nin "Kaya Gaz\u0131" Potansiyeli"},"content":{"rendered":"

Prof. Dr. Mustafa \u0130LBA\u015e<\/em>\u00a0\/ Gazi \u00dcniversitesi \/ Ankara<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Enerji ekonomi ve siyasetin g\u00fcndemini belirlemeye devam ediyor. ABD kaya gaz\u0131 devrimini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek, toplam gaz \u00fcretiminin d\u00f6rtte birini kaya gaz\u0131ndan sa\u011flayarak ekonomik olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir avantaj sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f durumda. Tabii ki kaya gaz\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya genelinde yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ve ticarile\u015fmesi mevcut gaz \u00fcreticisi \u00fclkeleri ve bu i\u015ften b\u00fcy\u00fck paralar kazanan siyasi ve ekonomik yap\u0131lar\u0131 da derinden etkilemi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

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“Kaya gaz\u0131 (Shale gas) nedir” son zamanlarda s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00fcndeme gelen bu konuyu sizlerle payla\u015f\u0131p \u00fclkemiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirmek istedim. Kaya gaz\u0131; kayalar\u0131n(kaya\u00e7lar\u0131n) i\u00e7ine s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f halde bulunan gaz(do\u011falgaz) olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Gaz\u0131n i\u00e7inde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kayalar ge\u00e7irgen olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kalan gaz\u0131 toplamak ve \u00e7\u0131karabilmek i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan m\u00fcdahale gerekiyor. Yatay sondaj y\u00f6ntemi veya Hidrolik \u00e7atlatma y\u00f6ntemi ile kaya\u00e7lar aras\u0131nda kalan gaz y\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labiliyor.<\/p>\n

”Kaya gaz\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131yor” k\u0131saca bunu \u00f6zetleyelim. Kaya gaz\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karman\u0131n iki y\u00f6ntemi var; Hidrolik \u00c7atlatma(Hydraulic Fracturing) y\u00f6ntemi ve Yatay Sondaj(Horizantal Drilling) y\u00f6ntemi.\u00a0Bu y\u00f6ntemlerle kaya gaz\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karman\u0131n \u00e7evreye olumsuz etkileri de var. Bu sebeple kaya gaz\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nceden beri bilinmesine ra\u011fmen \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gecikmi\u015ftir. Kaya gaz\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m\u0131 depremleri tetikleme, sera gaz\u0131 emisyonunu art\u0131rma ve kuyuya bas\u0131lan su nedeniyle yeralt\u0131 su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kirletme riski gibi \u00e7evresel sorunlara yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

”D\u00fcnyada kaya gaz\u0131 ne durumdad\u0131r” Bilinen rezervlere b\u00f6lgesel olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda D\u00fcnya’da do\u011fal gaz rezervleri ile kaya gaz\u0131 rezervleri Ortado\u011fu hari\u00e7 benzerlik g\u00f6stermektedir. \u0130lk kaya gaz\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karan ABD’de 34 eyalette toplam 500 bin civar\u0131nda kaya gaz\u0131 kuyusu faaliyettedir. \u0130lk kaya gaz\u0131 kuyusu, 1981 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD’nin Texas eyaletinde a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1995’den itibaren de, yatay sondaj ve hidrolik \u00e7atlatma y\u00f6ntemiyle kaya gaz\u0131 \u00fcretimi \u00f6nemli miktarda art\u0131r\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

ABD’de bug\u00fcne kadar, kaya gaz\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in 20.000 civar\u0131nda kuyu a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir. Verilere g\u00f6re tespit edilen d\u00fcnya kaya gaz\u0131 rezervi 187 trilyon m3, \u00fcretilebilir gaz rezervi ise 163 trilyon m3’d\u00fcr. Kaya gaz\u0131 rezervi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00c7in 36 trilyon m3’l\u00fck rezerv ile birinci s\u0131rada yer al\u0131rken ABD, Arjantin, Brezilya, Polonya, Fransa y\u00fcksek potansiyele sahip \u00fclkeler olarak onu takip etmektedirler.\u00a0ABD kaya gaz\u0131 rezervi 24 trilyon m3 olarak tahmin edilmektedir ve \u00fcretimini h\u0131zla artt\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin 1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda 8.5 milyar m\u00b3 kaya gaz\u0131 \u00fcretimi yap\u0131l\u0131rken, bu miktar 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda 31 milyar m\u00b3 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu g\u00fcn ise toplam gaz \u00fcretiminin d\u00f6rtte birinden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 kaya gaz\u0131ndan temin etmektedir. Bu rakam yak\u0131nda daha da artacakt\u0131r. Bu durum ABD’de gaz fiyatlar\u0131na olumlu yans\u0131m\u0131\u015f gaz fiyatlar\u0131 AB’nin \u00fc\u00e7te birine kadar gerilemi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer taraftan ABD her y\u0131l yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 100 milyar m3 LNG ithalat\u0131 yaparken, 2011 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren bu rakam 20 milyar m3 de\u011ferine kadar d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yani ABD, kaya gaz\u0131 sayesinde LNG ithalat\u0131n\u0131 %80 oranda azaltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD’nin toplam do\u011fal gaz \u00fcretiminin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kaya gaz\u0131ndan sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir. Bu durum sadece ABD ekonomisini de\u011fil d\u00fcnya gaz fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 da etkilemektedir. Kaya gaz\u0131 \u00fcretimi do\u011fal gaz fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilecek potansiyele sahiptir. Bu durum ise do\u011fal gaz\u0131 ekonomik ve siyasi bir silah olarak kullanan Rusya’n\u0131n i\u015fine gelmemektedir. ABD’deki geli\u015fmeler, daha evvel \u00e7evresel kayg\u0131lar nedeniyle kaya gaz\u0131 \u00fcretimini durduran, yasaklayan veya erteleyen \u0130ngiltere, Polonya ve Almanya gibi \u00fclkelerde yeniden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131na, yasaklar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 veya yumu\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

”T\u00fcrkiye’de Kaya Gaz\u0131 ne durumdad\u0131r” TPAO’nun ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re kaya gaz\u0131 ile ilgili farkl\u0131 havzalarda ve b\u00f6lgelerde, ”unconventional” kaynak potansiyeline sahip jeolojik b\u00f6lgeler bulunmaktad\u0131r. TPAO’nun yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re, Diyarbak\u0131r, Erzurum ve Trakya’da kaya gaz\u0131-petrol sahalar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

ABD Enerji Ajans\u0131(EIA)’n\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir raporda ise, “T\u00fcrkiye’nin kurtar\u0131labilir kaya gaz\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n miktar\u0131” hesaplanm\u0131\u015f ve tablo olarak verilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye kaya gaz\u0131 rezervine sahip fakat \u00e7ok zengin olmayan \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. TPAO, BP ile ortak olarak \u00f6ncelikle daha y\u00fcksek rezerve sahip olan Diyarbak\u0131r ile Batman aras\u0131nda bulunan Sar\u0131bu\u011fday b\u00f6lgesinde ilk kaya gaz\u0131 sondaj\u0131na ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. E\u011fer her \u015fey yolunda giderse, \u00fcretime ancak on y\u0131l sonra ge\u00e7ilebilece\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmektedir.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak; Yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve incelemelere g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye’de kaya gaz\u0131 \u00fcretiminin ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilmesine yakla\u015f\u0131k on y\u0131l gibi uzun bir s\u00fcre gerekmektedir. Yani T\u00fcrkiye hemen ba\u015flasa bile yak\u0131n tarihte \u00fcretim m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u00fckmemektedir. Ancak her \u015feye ra\u011fmen Ar-Ge \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, inceleme, ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve sondaj \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile teknik ekipman ve altyap\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 devam ettirilmelidir. Kaya gaz\u0131 potansiyeli y\u00fcksek olmamakla birlikte do\u011fal gaz rezervlerinden \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu da g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye kaya gaz\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ekonomisine kazand\u0131rmay\u0131 planlamal\u0131 ancak u\u00e7uk hayallere de kap\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prof. Dr. Mustafa \u0130LBA\u015e\u00a0\/ Gazi \u00dcniversitesi \/ Ankara   Enerji ekonomi ve siyasetin g\u00fcndemini belirlemeye devam ediyor. ABD kaya gaz\u0131 devrimini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek, toplam gaz \u00fcretiminin d\u00f6rtte birini kaya gaz\u0131ndan sa\u011flayarak…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4549,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_thinkrank_schema_form_data":"","_thinkrank_selected_schema_type":"","_thinkrank_additional_schemas":"","_thinkrank_canonical_url":"","_thinkrank_og_title":"","_thinkrank_og_description":"","_thinkrank_og_image":"","_thinkrank_twitter_title":"","_thinkrank_twitter_description":"","_thinkrank_twitter_image":"","_thinkrank_imported_from":"","_thinkrank_focus_keywords":[],"_thinkrank_focus_keyword":"","_thinkrank_robots_meta_enabled":0,"_thinkrank_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_advanced_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_primary_category":0,"footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[515,200,516,517,138,518],"ppma_author":[2016],"class_list":["post-4548","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kose-yazilari","tag-gazi-universitesi","tag-kaya-gazi","tag-mustafa-ilbas","tag-shale-gas","tag-tespam-enerji","tag-tespam-kaya-gazi"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00fcrkiyen'nin "Kaya Gaz\u0131" Potansiyeli - T\u00fcrkiye Enerji Stratejileri ve Politikalar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/turkiyennin-kaya-gazi-potansiyeli\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00fcrkiyen'nin "Kaya Gaz\u0131" Potansiyeli - T\u00fcrkiye Enerji Stratejileri ve Politikalar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Prof. Dr. Mustafa \u0130LBA\u015e\u00a0\/ Gazi \u00dcniversitesi \/ Ankara   Enerji ekonomi ve siyasetin g\u00fcndemini belirlemeye devam ediyor. 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