Sezai TOPRAK<\/p>\n
TESPAM New York koordinat\u00f6r\u00fc<\/p>\n
G\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczgar enerjisi sekt\u00f6rlerinin petrol ve do\u011falgaz gibi enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretim \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fine ula\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in gelecek on y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde trilyonlarca dolar yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Son y\u0131llarda g\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczgar enerjilerine y\u00f6nelik yat\u0131r\u0131mlarda art\u0131\u015f ya\u015fanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, geli\u015ftirciler genellikle rekabet edebilir yeterli finansman bulamad\u0131klar\u0131ndan \u015fikayet\u00e7ilerdir. Petrol ve do\u011falgaz sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise, emtia fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n zirve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda 900 milyar dolarl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Petrol ve do\u011falgaz varl\u0131klar\u0131 ile g\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczgar g\u00fcc\u00fc varl\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli farklardan biri, petrol ve do\u011falgaz varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lan sermayeye k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek orandaki nakit ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00fcretebilme potansiyeline sahip olmas\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczgar enerjisi ise havay\u0131 kirletmeme, sera gaz\u0131na neden olmama gibi bir tak\u0131m sosyal faydalar sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir fayda ise, g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi ve belirli yerel bir b\u00f6lgeye y\u00f6nelik kurulan r\u00fczgar tr\u00fcb\u00fcnleri enerji \u015febekesine ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7 olan b\u00f6lgelere elektrik enerjisi sa\u011flayabilmektedir. Enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fine de katk\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, T\u00fcrkiye gibi enerjide d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00fclkelerde bu yenilenebilir ve yerel olarak \u00fcretilebilir enerjiyle ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k azalt\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tahminlere g\u00f6re uluslarararas\u0131 kabul edilen k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sanayile\u015fme \u00f6ncesi k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 2 santigrat derece fazlas\u0131nda tutabilmek i\u00e7in \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki yirmi be\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7inde y\u0131ll\u0131k 500 milyar dolar g\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczgar enerji tesislerine yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu tutar, mevcut g\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczgar enerji yat\u0131r\u0131m oran\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse iki kat\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 \u00d6nceki yaz\u0131m\u0131zda da belirtti\u011fimiz \u00fczere \u00f6zellikle ABD ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere d\u00fcnya genelinde yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131nda bir yava\u015flama ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yerli ve yeni enerji politikas\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131mlar te\u015fvik edilmektedir. Son olarak Enerji Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 Karap\u0131nar Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynak Alanlar\u0131 kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131 ihalesi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin yerli ve yenilebilir enerji \u00fcretiminde \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Petrol ve do\u011falgaz sekt\u00f6rlerinin sermaye bulmadaki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczgar enerji sekt\u00f6rlerine yol g\u00f6sterebilece\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar petrol ve do\u011falgaz sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki benzer ara\u00e7lardan yola \u00e7\u0131karak \u00fc\u00e7 yeni finansal ara\u00e7 \u00f6nermektedir: yenilenebilir kayna\u011fa dayal\u0131 finansman, elektrik \u00fcretim \u00f6demeleri ve kapasite \u00f6demesi finansman\u0131.<\/p>\n
Yenilenebilir Kayna\u011fa Dayal\u0131 Finansman<\/strong><\/p>\n
Petrol ve do\u011falgaz sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, arama ve \u00fcretimde rezerve dayal\u0131 finansman\u0131 y\u0131llard\u0131r\u00a0 kullanmaktad\u0131r. Bu finansmanda krediler i\u00e7in petrol ve do\u011falgaz rezervleri varl\u0131k taban\u0131 ve g\u00fcvence olarak g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Benzer \u015fekilde bir proje alan\u0131ndaki g\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczgar kaynaklar\u0131 e\u011fer yeterince de\u011ferli ise borcun finansman\u0131nda bir varl\u0131k taban\u0131 ve g\u00fcvence sa\u011flabilir. Bu uygulama sermayenin genelde yetersiz oldu\u011fu g\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczgar projesinin geli\u015ftirilme safhas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n kurulumunda faydal\u0131 olabilece\u011fi iddia edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Elektrik \u00fcretim \u00f6demeleri<\/strong><\/p>\n
Petrol ve do\u011falgaz \u015firketlerinin arama ve \u00fcretimi finanse etmek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fka bir ara\u00e7 ise hacimsel \u00fcretim \u00f6deme y\u00f6ntemidir. Bu finansmanda, bir sermaye sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 arama ve \u00fcretim \u015firketine cari \u00f6demeleri, petrol ve do\u011falgaza eri\u015fim hakk\u0131 ya da petrol veya do\u011falgaz\u0131n gelecekteki sat\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan elde edilen gelir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yapmaktad\u0131r. Bir sahadaki g\u00fcne\u015f veya r\u00fczgar g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn gelecekteki sat\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan elde edilecek gelire eri\u015fim hakk\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda cari bir \u00f6demeyi yapan sermaye sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 benzer bir ara\u00e7la g\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczgar g\u00fcc\u00fc projelerine yard\u0131m edebilir. Bu sermaye projenin geli\u015ftirilme safhas\u0131n\u0131n finansman\u0131nda yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilece\u011fi ve projenin uzun vadeli finansman\u0131nda bir alternatif olarak kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi iddia edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Kapasite \u00f6demesi finansman\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n
Petrol ve do\u011falgaz sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde, do\u011falgaz boru hatt\u0131 gibi tesisler genelde iki farkl\u0131 \u00f6deme ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r: birincisi ta\u015f\u0131nan do\u011falgaz\u0131n miktar\u0131na dayal\u0131d\u0131r; di\u011feri ise varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelik hakka dayal\u0131d\u0131r. Elektrik jenarat\u00f6rleri iki ayr\u0131 \u00f6deme ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r: birincisi iletilen elektrik miktar\u0131na dayal\u0131 geleneksel enerji \u00f6demeleridir; di\u011feri ise elektrik \u00fcretim kapasitesini kullan\u0131ma haz\u0131r halde tutmak i\u00e7in sa\u011flanan kapasite \u00f6demeleridir. Kapasite \u00f6demeleri baz\u0131 toptan elektrik piyasalar\u0131nda giderek \u00f6nemi artmaktad\u0131r ve bu bir dereceye kadar g\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczgar tesislerine sa\u011flanabilir. Bu kapasite \u00f6demeleri baz\u0131 projeler i\u00e7in sermayeye eri\u015fimi kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran ve daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck sermaye giderine neden olan ayr\u0131labilir has\u0131lat ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6z konusu ara\u00e7lar g\u00fcne\u015f panellerinin ve r\u00fczgar trib\u00fcnlerinin geli\u015ftirilmesi ve kurulmas\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131nda ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan finansman ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n daha kolay ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetle kar\u015f\u0131lanabilece\u011fini \u00f6nermektedir. Ancak s\u00f6z konusu \u00f6nerilerde dikkate al\u0131nmayan fakat \u00f6nemli bir husus ise g\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczgar gibi enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6nemsel \u00fcretiminin dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 has\u0131lat\u0131n ve b\u00f6ylece yapabilece\u011fi nakit ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a dengesiz oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fidir. Bu husus dikkate al\u0131nmadan petrol ve do\u011falgaz yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan finansman ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde g\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczgar enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131nda da kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini varsaymak do\u011fru olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sezai TOPRAK TESPAM New York koordinat\u00f6r\u00fc G\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczgar enerjisi sekt\u00f6rlerinin petrol ve do\u011falgaz gibi enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretim \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fine ula\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in gelecek on y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde trilyonlarca dolar yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4553,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_thinkrank_schema_form_data":"","_thinkrank_selected_schema_type":"","_thinkrank_additional_schemas":"","_thinkrank_canonical_url":"","_thinkrank_og_title":"","_thinkrank_og_description":"","_thinkrank_og_image":"","_thinkrank_twitter_title":"","_thinkrank_twitter_description":"","_thinkrank_twitter_image":"","_thinkrank_imported_from":"","_thinkrank_focus_keywords":[],"_thinkrank_focus_keyword":"","_thinkrank_robots_meta_enabled":0,"_thinkrank_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_advanced_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_primary_category":0,"footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[519,483,484,520,154],"ppma_author":[2016],"class_list":["post-4552","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kose-yazilari","tag-enerji-finansmani","tag-gunes-enerjisi","tag-sezai-toprak","tag-tespam-gunes-enerjisi","tag-yenilenebilir-enerji"],"yoast_head":"\n
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