{"id":5083,"date":"2017-05-27T10:19:45","date_gmt":"2017-05-27T07:19:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/tr\/?p=5083"},"modified":"2026-08-07T22:14:16","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T19:14:16","slug":"cok-kuyu-acma-teknigi-ile-petrol-aramak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/cok-kuyu-acma-teknigi-ile-petrol-aramak\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ok Kuyu A\u00e7ma Tekni\u011fi \u0130le Petrol Aramak"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Uzun bir s\u00fcredir gerek bas\u0131nda gerekse televizyonlarda \u201cPetrol Aramak\u201d tabirini duymaktay\u0131z. Malum, \u00fclkemizin enerji \u00fcretiminde en \u00f6n s\u0131rada bulunan bu hammadeyi ve bu hammadde i\u00e7in harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z milli serveti g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda petrol\u00fcn hayati bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 rahatl\u0131kla s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Bu y\u00fczdendir ki, petrol aramak ve bulmak i\u00e7in ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ortak bir fikir olarak kamuoyu ile payla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Petrol\u00fcn nas\u0131l bulunaca\u011f\u0131 do\u011frultusunda \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclen somut bir ad\u0131m olmasa da baz\u0131 fikirler ortaya at\u0131lmaktad\u0131r fakat bu fikirler sadece g\u00fcn\u00fc kurtarmak ad\u0131na s\u00f6ylenmi\u015f s\u00f6zler olmaktan ibaret gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmekteler.<\/p>\n

Tahmin ediyorum ki pek \u00e7o\u011funuz \u015fu sorular\u0131n cevab\u0131n\u0131 merak ediyordur: \u201c\u00dclkemiz neden petrol bulam\u0131yor?\u201d, \u201cNerede yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131yoruz?\u201d ve \u201c\u00dclkemizde ger\u00e7ekten petrol yok mu?\u201d. Hatta, baz\u0131 k\u00f6\u015fe yazarlar\u0131 bile konunun uzman\u0131ym\u0131\u015f gibi \u201cPetrol bulmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok sondaj yapmal\u0131y\u0131z!\u201d t\u00fcr\u00fcnde a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yaparak \u00fclkemizin enerji gelece\u011finin nas\u0131l \u015fekillenece\u011fi do\u011frultusunda ileri geri konu\u015fmaktalar. Elbetteki, vergilerini \u00f6deyen vatanda\u015flar olarak bu sorular\u0131 sormaya herkesin hakk\u0131 var ancak ilk \u00f6nce bu sorular\u0131 daha net cevaplayabilmek i\u00e7in \u201cPetrol nas\u0131l aran\u0131r?\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 irdelemekte fayda vard\u0131r. Zira, nas\u0131l arand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmedi\u011finiz bir hammaddeyi bulmam\u0131z i\u00e7in ya \u00e7ok \u015fansl\u0131 olmam\u0131z gerekir ya da bir sihirli de\u011fne\u011fimiz.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u00fczden, petrol\u00fcn olu\u015fma a\u015famas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lma a\u015famas\u0131na do\u011fru k\u0131sa bir analiz yaparak nerede hata yap\u0131\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Petrol Nas\u0131l Olu\u015fur?<\/h4>\n

Petrol\u00fcn olu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir havza (tabaka \u00e7\u00f6kelmelerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi \u00e7ukur alan) olmak zorundad\u0131r. Havza i\u00e7inde bolca organic madde i\u00e7eren -yani bile\u015fiminde Karbon (C) elementi olan- bir kaynak kayada C elementleri, ortamda bulunan Hidrojen (H) elementleri ile farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerde bile\u015fik yaparak petrol\u00fc olu\u015ftururlar. Petrol\u00fcn bir di\u011fer ad\u0131 da \u201cHidrokarbon\u201d dur ki bu da H ve C bile\u015fimi anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu kimyasal bile\u015fi\u011fin olu\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in ortamda gerekli bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekir. Yeterli bas\u0131n\u00e7, kaynak kayan\u0131n \u00fczerinde \u00e7\u00f6kelen (olu\u015fan) tabakalarla ve kabuk hareketleri ile sa\u011flan\u0131r. S\u0131cakl\u0131k ise bas\u0131n\u00e7, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan etkiler(kabuk hareketleri, faylar, ma\u011fma sokulumlar\u0131) ve kimyasal reaksiyonlar sonucu artar.<\/p>\n

Petrol Nas\u0131l G\u00f6\u00e7 Eder?<\/h4>\n

Kaynak kayada olu\u015fan petrol, y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve yer\u00e7ekimi etkilerinden kurtulmak amac\u0131yla bas\u0131nc\u0131n ve yer\u00e7ekiminin daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu \u00a0(genelde yukar\u0131 do\u011fru ya da y\u00fczeye do\u011fru) hareket etmeye ba\u015flar. Kayalardaki g\u00f6zenekler-\u00e7atlaklar veya fay k\u0131r\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak ba\u015fka kayalara g\u00f6\u00e7 eder. E\u011fer kaynak kaya ge\u00e7irgen olmayan (s\u0131zd\u0131rmayan) bir tabaka ile \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc ise olu\u015fan petrol g\u00f6\u00e7 edemez ve kaynak kaya i\u00e7inde kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Rezervuar Nas\u0131l Olu\u015fur?<\/h4>\n

G\u00f6\u00e7 eden petrol, graviteyi (yer\u00e7ekimi) yenebilmek i\u00e7in gidebildi\u011fi kadar y\u00fczeye do\u011fru hareket edecektir. Ancak yer alt\u0131nda bu yukar\u0131 do\u011fru hareketi durduracak etmenler vad\u0131r. Bu etmenler, s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz bir kaya, ge\u00e7irimsiz bir fay veya g\u00f6zenekler aras\u0131 irtibat\u0131 sa\u011flayan k\u0131r\u0131k ve \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ortam olabilir. Genel olarak rezervuarlar, g\u00f6zenekli ve g\u00f6zenekler aras\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131ya sahip (ge\u00e7irgen) kayalard\u0131r ama bir \u00f6rt\u00fc kaya veya ge\u00e7irimsiz bir fay ile s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 gerekir ki g\u00f6\u00e7 eden petrol burada birikerek bir rezervuar olu\u015fturabilsin.<\/p>\n

Buraya kadar anlat\u0131lanlar, petrol\u00fcn var olabilmesi i\u00e7in bir havza olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ve bu havzada \u00e7\u00f6kelen bir kaynak kaya, bir rezervuar kaya, bu ikisi aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 sa\u011flayacak g\u00f6\u00e7 yollar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 ve rezervuar birikimini sa\u011flayacak s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz bir \u00f6rt\u00fc kayan\u0131n gerekti\u011fini vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Petrol\u00fcn nas\u0131l olu\u015ftu\u011fu ve bir rezervuara nas\u0131l depoland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilindi\u011fi takdirde, onu bulmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken tek \u015fey rezervuar\u0131n yerini tesbit etmek ve sondaj yapmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Peki, petrol aramak veya bulmak bu kadar basit ise neden T\u00fcrkiye elle tutulur rezervler bulam\u0131yor? Tabiat ana \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi gereken karma\u015f\u0131k olaylar silsilesini ortaya koymakta ve petrol aramac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu zorluklar\u0131n temelinde ise genel olarak jeolojik olaylar (kabuk hareketleri, a\u015f\u0131nma-bozunma ve faylanmalar gibi) yatmaktad\u0131r. Bu olaylar, petrol\u00fcn depoland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeri de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir, rezervuar yeralt\u0131 sular\u0131 ile y\u0131kanabilir, yer de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir veya da\u011f\u0131l\u0131p yok olabilir. Bu durumda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken, rezervular\u0131n do\u011fru yerini bulmak veya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden petrol\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131na neler geldi\u011fini jeolojik tarih\u00e7e i\u00e7erisinde do\u011fru tahmin ederek en son nereye gitti\u011fini tesbit etmektir. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, jeolojik olaylar ne kadar karma\u015f\u0131k bir ortam olu\u015fturmu\u015fsa, petrol\u00fcn bulunma ihtimali o kadar zorla\u015f\u0131yor demektir. \u00a0Ancak \u015funu da unutmamak gerekir ki, ne kadar zorla\u015f\u0131rsa zorla\u015fs\u0131n petrol\u00fc bulmak, hi\u00e7bir zaman \u201c\u0130mkans\u0131z\u201d de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Hat\u0131rlarsan\u0131z, yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte \u201cPetrol\u00fcn 50 y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00f6mr\u00fc var!\u201d gibi s\u00f6ylemler dillendirilse de, bulunan yeni rezervler bu teoriyi \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yeni teknolojiler, yeni bilgi ve tecr\u00fcbeler, yeni te\u00e7hizatlar eskiden \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen veya bulunamayan rezervuarlar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6yleyse, T\u00fcrkiye bu alanda faaliyet g\u00f6steren 50\u2019den fazla kurumu ile, \u201cYeni\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n neresindedir?<\/p>\n

\u00d6ncelikle, \u00fclkemizin bu \u201cYeni\u201d kavram\u0131na \u00e7ok da yak\u0131n takipte olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya da epeyce geriden geldi\u011fini belirtmek do\u011fru olacakt\u0131r. Zira, Bat\u0131l\u0131lar, 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda Kuzey Denizi\u2019nde \u0131srarla sondajlar yap\u0131p petrol ke\u015ffettikleri y\u0131llarda \u015fu kan\u0131y\u0131 ortaya atm\u0131\u015flard\u0131: \u201cOlumsuz sonu\u00e7lanan 1-2 kuyu neticesinde y\u0131lmamak veya pes etmemek gerekir.\u201d. Sonu\u00e7ta hakl\u0131yd\u0131lar; zira 10-15 sondaj yapt\u0131ktan sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck ke\u015fiflere imza atm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Tabii ki, g\u00fczide \u00fclkemiz ayn\u0131 hissiyatla bir s\u00fcr\u00fc kuyu a\u00e7\u0131p b\u00fcy\u00fck ke\u015fifler yapabilmeyi hak etmektedir ancak bu eylemi Bat\u0131l\u0131lar gibi 1970\u2019lerde yapsayd\u0131 daha iyi olurdu diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemek elde de\u011fil!<\/p>\n

Aradan ge\u00e7en onca zaman i\u00e7inde petrol sekt\u00f6r\u00fc olduk\u00e7a h\u0131zl\u0131 ilerlemi\u015ftir. Art\u0131k teknolojik olarak eskiden \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen derin denizel alanlar ve zorlu iklim-co\u011frafi \u015fartlara vak\u0131f b\u00f6lgelerde petrol aramac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131labilir hale gelmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle, sondaj maliyetleri de eskiye k\u0131yasla daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fundan a\u00e7\u0131lacak kuyular\u0131n veya sondaj yap\u0131lacak rezervuarlar\u0131n \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek do\u011frulukta tesbit edilmesi elzem hale gelmi\u015ftir. Bu y\u00fczden geli\u015ftirilen jeofizik ve jeolojik y\u00f6ntemler yeralt\u0131n\u0131n tomo\u011frafisini do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde belirlememize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmakta ve 10 kuyu a\u00e7\u0131p \u201cRastgele\u201d ya da \u201c\u0130n\u015faallah\u201d demek yerine, 1 kuyu a\u00e7\u0131p tam 12\u2019den vurmay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Basit bir toplama-\u00e7\u0131karma i\u015flemi yaparak ne demek istenildi\u011fini daha net anlatmak bab\u0131nda: Diyelim ki, 1 kuyunun (karalarda a\u00e7\u0131lan) maliyeti 5 milyon TL. Buna g\u00f6re, 10 kuyu = 50 milyon TL\u2019dir. Buradan \u015fu sonucu \u00e7\u0131karabiliriz; \u00e7ok kuyu a\u00e7arak bulunan petrol\u00fcn maliyeti 50 milyon TL olurken do\u011fru yerde bir kuyu a\u00e7\u0131larak bulunan petrol\u00fcn maliyeti sadece 5 milyon olacakt\u0131r. Sondaj \u00f6ncesi do\u011fru kuyunun yerini tesbit ederken kullan\u0131lan yeni teknolojilerin maliyeti ise 3 milyon TL olarak varsay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; \u00e7ok kuyu a\u00e7arak petrol bulma mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile 42 milyon TL daha fazla para harcanacak demektir! Ayn\u0131 mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 denizde a\u00e7\u0131lacak kuyular i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrseniz bu miktarlar\u0131 onlarca de\u011fil de y\u00fczlerce milyon TL olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek gerekir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc deniz sondajlar\u0131n\u0131n maliyeti karadakilere g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n

O takdirde, teknoloji ve bilgi-tecr\u00fcbe birikimi olarak ilerde oldu\u011fu bilinen Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n nas\u0131l petrol buldu\u011funu iyi anlamak, \u00f6\u011frenmek\u00a0ve uygulamak gerekir. Zira, onlar\u0131n 30-40 y\u0131l \u00f6nce uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 \u201c10-15 sondaj yap\u0131p petrol\u00fc bul\u201d mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak ge\u00e7mi\u015fe gitmek ve onlar\u0131n bu zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 tecr\u00fcbeleri ya\u015fayarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelmek ak\u0131l kar\u0131 de\u011fildir. Zaten bu fikir uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, 30-40 y\u0131l sonra yine bir o kadar onlar\u0131n gerisinde olaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z a\u015fikard\u0131r!<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131na bakarsan\u0131z, benzer bir mant\u0131k Arap Bahar\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde bir Akdeniz \u00fclkesinde izlenmi\u015ftir. Arap Bahar\u0131 sonras\u0131 olu\u015fan kaos ortam\u0131 nedeniyle ne t\u00fcr bir sonu\u00e7 al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rme f\u0131rsat\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ancak yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n hi\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmekte fayda vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Son olarak, madem \u00fclkemizin petrol bulmaya ihtiyac\u0131 var ve bunun i\u00e7in var\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011funu ortaya koymak istiyor, o halde \u00fclkemizin gerek teknolojik anlamda gerek bilgi ve tecr\u00fcbe anlam\u0131nda bat\u0131y\u0131 yakalamas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ve hatta enerji alan\u0131nda ilk s\u0131ralara gelebilmek i\u00e7in onlar\u0131 ge\u00e7mesi gerekmektedir. Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bug\u00fcn kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cNokta at\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile petrol arama\u201d mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n benimsenmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

K\u0131sacas\u0131, \u00fclkemizin petrol aramac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine izleyece\u011fi politika 30-40 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinin bilgi-tecr\u00fcbe-teknoloji birikimi olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Yeni teknolojiler, bilgi ve tecr\u00fcbeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda petrol aranmal\u0131d\u0131r ve bunu ba\u015farabilecek uzmanlarla yola devam edilmelidir!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Uzun bir s\u00fcredir gerek bas\u0131nda gerekse televizyonlarda \u201cPetrol Aramak\u201d tabirini duymaktay\u0131z. 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