{"id":5119,"date":"2017-05-31T14:20:41","date_gmt":"2017-05-31T11:20:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/tr\/?p=5119"},"modified":"2026-08-07T22:14:16","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T19:14:16","slug":"lng-tesislerinin-teknik-ve-ekonomik-ozelligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/lng-tesislerinin-teknik-ve-ekonomik-ozelligi\/","title":{"rendered":"LNG Tesislerinin Teknik ve Ekonomik \u00d6zelli\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00dclkelerin do\u011falgaz arz g\u00fcvenliklerini sa\u011flamalar\u0131 husunda, do\u011falgaz arz kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitledirmek i\u00e7in gerek boru hatt\u0131 olsun gerekse LNG y\u00f6ntemiyle do\u011falgaz tedari\u011fi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektedirler. T\u00fcrkiye do\u011falgaz t\u00fcketiminde %98 d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olmas\u0131 do\u011falgaz arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi kapsam\u0131nda do\u011falgaz arz kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ce\u015fitlendirmesi gerekmetedir.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Do\u011falgaz tedarik edilen \u00fclkelere g\u00f6re daha ekonomik ve boru hatt\u0131 nakli m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan do\u011falgaz\u0131n mevcut \u00fclkelerden LNG y\u00f6ntemiyle al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin LNG tesislerinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmete olup, \u00fclkemizin \u00fc\u00e7 taraf\u0131n\u0131n denizlerle cevrili olmas\u0131 buna olanak sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Peki yap\u0131lan LNG tesislerinin teknik ve ekonomik \u00f6zelli\u011finin incelenmesi ve maliyet analizleerinin yap\u0131las\u0131, enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011finin ekonomik, g\u00fcvenilir ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilir olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

LNG tesisleri i\u00e7in maliyet analizi yap\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u015fina oldu\u011fu do\u011falgaz tedarik y\u00f6ntemi olan \u00a0LNG nedir? LNG tesis t\u00fcrleri nelerdir? \u00d6ncelikle bu sorular\u0131n cevaplanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc LNG tesislerinin maliyet analizi yap\u0131l\u0131rken; do\u011falgaz\u0131n c\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p, al\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ftr\u0131lmas\u0131na, tekradan gazla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p devreye al\u0131nmas\u0131na kadar gecen s\u00fcre\u00e7te LNG maliyet kalemlerini olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Do\u011falgaz<\/strong> (L<\/strong>iquified N<\/strong>atural G<\/strong>as – LNG<\/strong>), atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131nda -162 C0<\/sup>\u2019a kadar so\u011futulmas\u0131yla yo\u011funla\u015farak gaz halinden s\u0131v\u0131 hale ge\u00e7mektedir, ayr\u0131ca gaz faz\u0131ndan s\u0131v\u0131 faza ge\u00e7erken gaz\u0131n hacmi 600 kez k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr bu \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7larda y\u00fcksek miktardaki do\u011falgaz depolanabilmektedir. Kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in tekrar gazla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemi yap\u0131larak sisteme d\u00e2hil edilir. LNG tesisleri karada (onshore) ve denizde (offshore) olarak ikiye ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Karada (Onshore) LNG Tesisleri, <\/strong>g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u015fehir merkezlerinden uzak ve deniz kenarlar\u0131na LNG gemilerinin dolum ve bo\u015falt\u0131m ac\u0131s\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli olacak \u015fekilde, ayr\u0131ca yeralt\u0131 veya yer\u00fcst\u00fc depolma yap\u0131lan tesislere \u201c\u0130zmir Egegaz Alia\u011fa LNG Terminali, Marmara Ere\u011flisi LNG Terminali<\/em>\u201ddenir.<\/p>\n

Denizde \u00a0(Offshore) LNG Tesisleri,<\/strong> bir gemi \u00fczerine LNG depolama ve gazla\u015ft\u0131rma ekipmalar\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015ftrilmesiyle ve karada bulunan LNG terminalinin t\u00fcm i\u015flevini yerine getiren terminallere Y\u00fczer LNG Depolama ve Gazla\u015ft\u0131rma tesisi (F<\/strong>loating S<\/strong>torage R<\/strong>egas U<\/strong>nits \u2013FSRU<\/strong>) denir. \u201cGDF Suez Neptune FSRU (<\/strong>Egegaz Alia\u011fa) gibi\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada LNG depolama ve gazla\u015ft\u0131rma terminallerinin 100\u2019e yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 kara tesisleri olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. LNG tesislerinin\u00a0 kurulum planlamas\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken \u00f6ncelikle \u015funlar dikkate \u00a0al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r: arazi ve kullan\u0131m, mevcut deniz tesisleri, \u00e7evredeki n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu ve konut kullan\u0131m\u0131, depolama tanklar\u0131 ile bo\u015falt\u0131m\/y\u00fckleme aras\u0131ndaki max\/min mesafe, depolama tipi, gemilerin yakla\u015f\u0131m kanal geni\u015fli\u011fi ve derinli\u011fi, k\u00f6pr\u00fcler, enerji hatlar\u0131, gemilerin manevra ve ge\u00e7i\u015fini etkileyebilecek fiziksel yap\u0131 ve unsurlar, olu\u015fan dalgalara kar\u015f\u0131 dalgak\u0131ran gereksinimi ve\/veya r\u00f6mork\u00f6r hizmetinin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, boru kapasitesi (Tesis yak\u0131n\u0131nda bir boru hatt\u0131 olsa dahi, g\u00f6nderim i\u00e7in yeterli kapasite olmayabilir) ve Gaz da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda ticari boru hatt\u0131na yak\u0131nl\u0131k veya herhangi bir boru hatt\u0131 mevcut de\u011filse, in\u015fa edilmesi ve ke\u015ffedilen pazara kamyon veya demiryolu tankerle ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131, gazla\u015ft\u0131rma tesisine olan mesafe, \u00e7evresel etkenler (r\u00fczgar, dalga, ak\u0131m vb.) alan se\u00e7iminde \u00a0dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken hususlard\u0131r. Alan se\u00e7iminde as\u0131l \u00f6nemin ta\u015f\u0131ma ve depolama maliyetlerini azaltmak,\u00a0 g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n sekteye u\u011framadan devam ettirilmesidir. Arazi seciminden sonra geri kalan maliyet kalemleri tesisin niteliklerine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Bu durumda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen de\u011ferler oratalama veriler olup, lokasyona ve kullan\u0131lan malzemelere g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6sterebilir.<\/p>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda ilgili kalemleri ile birlikte maliyet analizinin temel bile\u015fenleri g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

LNG SIVILA\u015eTIRMA TES\u0130S\u0130 \u0130\u00c7\u0130N MAL\u0130YET ANAL\u0130Z\u0130 TABLOSU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
G\u0130DERLER<\/td>\nToplam Maliyet \u0130\u00e7indeki Pay\u0131 (%)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gaz ar\u0131tma tesisi<\/td>\n%5-8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S\u0131v\u0131la\u015ftr\u0131ma tesisi<\/td>\n%34-35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yard\u0131mc\u0131 ekipmanlar<\/td>\n%5-7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Enerji Jenenat\u00f6r\u00fc ve ekipmalar\u0131<\/td>\n%11-15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hava- su temin, deniz suyu sistemleri vb<\/td>\n%5-8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LNG tankerlerini y\u00fckleme\/bo\u015faltma ekip.<\/td>\n%14-21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Borulama, izolasyon ve elekrik kaplolar\u0131 vb.<\/td>\n%4-10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yollar, yerle\u015fim yeri, idari binalar, peyzaj vb.<\/td>\n%4-14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

LNG DEPOLAMA VE GAZLA\u015eTRIMA TES\u0130S\u0130 \u0130\u00c7\u0130N MAL\u0130YET ANAL\u0130Z\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
G\u0130DERLER<\/td>\nEK\u0130PMANLAR<\/td>\nToplam Maliyet \u0130\u00e7indeki Pay\u0131 (%)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LNG DEPOLAMA TANKLARI VE<\/p>\n

PROSES ELEMANLARI<\/td>\n

LNG depolam tank\u0131<\/p>\n

Servis suyu depolama tank\u0131<\/p>\n

Dizel yak\u0131t depolama tank\u0131<\/p>\n

K\u00f6p\u00fck Tanklar\u0131 ve ekipmanlar\u0131<\/td>\n

%25-35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GAZLA\u015eTIRICILAR<\/td>\nopen rack vaporizers,<\/p>\n

Submerged combustion vaporizer<\/td>\n

%9-12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POMPALAR<\/td>\nLP pomplar\u0131, HP pompalar\u0131<\/p>\n

Deniz suyu pompalar\u0131,SMV ta\u015fma pompalar\u0131, Yang\u0131n hatt\u0131 pompalar\u0131, Servis suyu pompas\u0131<\/td>\n

%10-15<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KOMPRES\u00d6RLER<\/td>\nZero-sendout kompres\u00f6r\u00fc<\/p>\n

BOG kompres\u00f6rleri, Gemi bo\u015falt\u0131m kompres\u00f6rleri, Gemi gaz d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc Blower\u0131<\/td>\n

%5-9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEN\u0130Z SUYU S\u0130STEM\u0130<\/td>\nKlorlama \u00fcnitesi, Deniz suyu alma havuzu,<\/p>\n

Deniz suyu alma binas\u0131<\/td>\n

%3-4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
YARDIMCI \u00dcN\u0130TELER<\/td>\nFlare<\/p>\n

Elektrik\/otomasyon merkezi<\/p>\n

Dizel jenerat\u00f6r<\/p>\n

Enstruman hava kompres\u00f6r\u00fc<\/p>\n

So\u011futucu kulesi<\/p>\n

Yang\u0131n koruma sistemleri<\/td>\n

%1-2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JETTY (\u0130SKELE)<\/td>\nJetty yolu<\/p>\n

Kroyojenik borulama<\/p>\n

Yaslanma&Ba\u011flama dolfinleri<\/p>\n

Bo\u015faltma kollar\u0131<\/td>\n

%20-25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u0130NALAR<\/td>\nY\u00f6netim\/ kontrol odas\u0131<\/p>\n

Kompres\u00f6r Binalar\u0131<\/p>\n

Bak\u0131m onar\u0131m \/ ambar<\/td>\n

%1-3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ARAZ\u0130 D\u00dcZENLEMELER\u0130 VE<\/p>\n

D\u0130\u011eER G\u0130DERLER<\/td>\n

Borulama<\/p>\n

\u0130zolasyon<\/p>\n

Elektrik\/otomasyon ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131<\/p>\n

Demirba\u015flar<\/p>\n

Ula\u015f\u0131m yollar\u0131<\/p>\n

Lokal<\/td>\n

%12-14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Tablo1: LNG Tesisinin Maliyet Kalemleri<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak LNG tesisinin kurulum maliyeti incelendi\u011finde, \u00fclkemiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en uygunu \u00a0Y\u00fczer LNG Depolama ve Gazla\u015ft\u0131rma tesisi (FSRU<\/strong>) oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00fc\u00e7 taraf\u0131 denizlerle \u00e7evrili olmas\u0131 ve maliyet kalemlerinin i\u00e7erisinde bulunan arazi giderlerinin olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ayr\u0131ca farkl\u0131 limanlar kanal\u0131yla do\u011falgaz a\u011f\u0131na besleme yap\u0131labilmesi gibi etkenlerle kara LNG tesisilerine oranla daha ekonomik olan FSRU<\/strong> terminallerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in daha uygundur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00dclkelerin do\u011falgaz arz g\u00fcvenliklerini sa\u011flamalar\u0131 husunda, do\u011falgaz arz kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitledirmek i\u00e7in gerek boru hatt\u0131 olsun gerekse LNG y\u00f6ntemiyle do\u011falgaz tedari\u011fi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektedirler. T\u00fcrkiye do\u011falgaz t\u00fcketiminde %98 d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olmas\u0131 do\u011falgaz arz…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5120,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_thinkrank_schema_form_data":"","_thinkrank_selected_schema_type":"","_thinkrank_additional_schemas":"","_thinkrank_canonical_url":"","_thinkrank_og_title":"","_thinkrank_og_description":"","_thinkrank_og_image":"","_thinkrank_twitter_title":"","_thinkrank_twitter_description":"","_thinkrank_twitter_image":"","_thinkrank_imported_from":"","_thinkrank_focus_keywords":[],"_thinkrank_focus_keyword":"","_thinkrank_robots_meta_enabled":0,"_thinkrank_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_advanced_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_primary_category":0,"footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[541,298,543,611],"ppma_author":[2016],"class_list":["post-5119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kose-yazilari","tag-asya-pasifik-ve-afrikalng","tag-kibris-lng","tag-lng-dengeleri","tag-lng-tesislerinin-teknik-ve-ekonomik-ozelligi"],"yoast_head":"\nLNG Tesislerinin Teknik ve Ekonomik \u00d6zelli\u011fi - T\u00fcrkiye Enerji Stratejileri ve Politikalar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/lng-tesislerinin-teknik-ve-ekonomik-ozelligi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"LNG Tesislerinin Teknik ve Ekonomik \u00d6zelli\u011fi - T\u00fcrkiye Enerji Stratejileri ve Politikalar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00dclkelerin do\u011falgaz arz g\u00fcvenliklerini sa\u011flamalar\u0131 husunda, do\u011falgaz arz kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitledirmek i\u00e7in gerek boru hatt\u0131 olsun gerekse LNG y\u00f6ntemiyle do\u011falgaz tedari\u011fi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektedirler. 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