{"id":5242,"date":"2017-06-15T11:00:49","date_gmt":"2017-06-15T08:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/tr\/?p=5242"},"modified":"2026-08-07T22:14:15","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T19:14:15","slug":"komurun-avrupa-ve-asyadaki-durumu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/komurun-avrupa-ve-asyadaki-durumu\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn Avrupa ve Asya\u2019daki Durumu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>K\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn Avrupa ve Asya\u2019daki Durumu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>*Dr. Sel\u00e7uk \u00d6ZGEN &amp; Ferda BAYRAK<\/p>\n<p>*Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezleri Koordinat\u00f6r\u00fc<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"mailto:sozgen@tespam.org\/tr\">sozgen@tespam.org\/tr<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Bundan birka\u00e7 on y\u0131l \u00f6nce, bir\u00e7ok sanayile\u015fmi\u015f ekonomi gibi, Avrupa da elektrik \u00fcretiminde b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda k\u00f6m\u00fcre ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131yd\u0131. O zamanlar k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u0131s\u0131nmada, demiryolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, a\u011f\u0131r sanayide \u00e7elik ve petrokimya \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. 1960 larda Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n k\u00f6m\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131 Amerika\u2019dan daha fazlayd\u0131. \u015eu anda Avrupa k\u00f6m\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131nda Amerika, \u00c7in ve Hindistan\u2019\u0131n gerisine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Avrupa Birli\u011fi istatistik ajans\u0131 Eurostat verilerine g\u00f6re, y\u0131ll\u0131k k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve t\u00fcrevleri t\u00fcketimi Avrupa\u2019da 1990 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki 1,2 milyonluk d\u00fczeyinden 2014\u2019te 730 bin 500 ton\u2019da d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 1965\u2019te t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyadaki k\u00f6m\u00fcr t\u00fcketiminin %36\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 Avrupa olu\u015ftururken 2015\u2019te bu de\u011fer %7\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Halen Avrupa\u2019da bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede elektrik \u00fcretiminde ta\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc veya linyit kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu iki \u00e7e\u015fit k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn farkl\u0131 kaliteleri var. Linyit daha az enerji i\u00e7eri\u011fine sahip. Ta\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re daha \u00e7ok nem i\u00e7eriyor ve daha yumu\u015fak \u00f6zellikli. Bu nedenle ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131kta kullanmaya uygun de\u011fil. Genellikle termik santrallerde kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Ta\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re %30 daha fazla CO<sub>2<\/sub> sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131na sahip. \u00d6zellikle Almanya, Polonya, \u00c7ek Cumhuriyeti ve g\u00fcney do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019da \u00fclkelerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda linyit sahalar\u0131 mevcut. Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019da linyit pek kullan\u0131lm\u0131yor. Bu \u00fclkelerde ta\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc \u00fcretiliyor veya ithal ediliyor. Linyit ise yerli kayna\u011f\u0131 olan \u00fclkelerde kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00c7ek Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretiminin %90\u2019\u0131 linyit, Almanya\u2019da %50 ve Polonya\u2019da %40. Bulgaristan, Romanya ve di\u011fer bat\u0131 Balkanlarda linyit reva\u00e7ta.<\/p>\n<p>Peki Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik k\u00f6m\u00fcrle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan santralleri i\u00e7in plan\u0131 ne? K\u0131sa vadede bat\u0131 Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde baz\u0131 geli\u015fmelere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fler g\u00f6r\u00fclecek. \u015eu anki mevcut santrallerin \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi 30 ya\u015f\u0131n \u00fczerinde. Eski ve verimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck santraller yerini yeni, daha verimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve \u00e7evresel a\u00e7\u0131dan daha iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan birka\u00e7 termik santrale b\u0131raksa da yeni termik santral kurma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi zay\u0131f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Avrupa Birli\u011fi iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine uyum kriterleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan santrallerin CCS teknolojisi ile desteklenmeli ki, bu ancak uzun vadede ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilecek bir durum. Son durumda Avrupa k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretim kapasitesini art\u0131racak gibi g\u00f6z\u00fckm\u00fcyor. Almanya ve Polonya\u2019n\u0131n birlikte in\u015faa ettirdi\u011fi 5 GW\u2019l\u0131k k\u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc termik santral d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n herhangi bir yerinde ilave bir termik santral kurulmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<p>Ayn\u0131 durum, 40 y\u0131ld\u0131r enerjisinin \u00fc\u00e7te ikisini k\u00f6m\u00fcrden elde eden \u00c7in i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli. British Petroleum Firmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcne g\u00f6re \u00c7in 2035 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde enerjisinin yaln\u0131zca %45\u2019ini k\u00f6m\u00fcrden sa\u011flar hale gelecek. K\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn yerini yenilenebilirler yan\u0131nda, n\u00fckleer ve hidroelektrik santraller alacak ki, bu santraller birlikte 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in elektri\u011finin %12\u2019sini sa\u011flarken, 2035 y\u0131l\u0131nda %25\u2019ini sa\u011flayacak.<\/p>\n<p>Avrupa\u2019da durum k\u00f6m\u00fcr a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan i\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fckmese de \u00c7in\u2019in mevcut at\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi durumunda 2035 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya k\u00f6m\u00fcr t\u00fcketiminin neredeyse yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 da bir ger\u00e7ek. Sadece \u00c7in de\u011fil, Hindistan da enerji t\u00fcketiminde 2035\u2019e gelindi\u011finde k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn pay\u0131n\u0131 iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karmak zorunda kalarak %20\u2019ye kadar y\u00fckseltebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda d\u00fcnyada ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek mobil devrim elektrikli arabalar, kendili\u011finden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan arabalar ve bunun gibi bir s\u00fcr\u00fc dijital platforma y\u00f6n verecek. Bunlar i\u00e7in gereken enerjiyi yaln\u0131zca yenilebilir ve fosil d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yak\u0131tlardan sa\u011flamak konusunda ne durumda olaca\u011f\u0131z? \u0130\u015fte bu soru hala belirsizli\u011fini koruyor.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>K\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn Avrupa ve Asya\u2019daki Durumu *Dr. Sel\u00e7uk \u00d6ZGEN &amp; Ferda BAYRAK *Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezleri Koordinat\u00f6r\u00fc sozgen@tespam.org\/tr \u00a0 Bundan birka\u00e7 on y\u0131l \u00f6nce, bir\u00e7ok sanayile\u015fmi\u015f ekonomi gibi, Avrupa da elektrik \u00fcretiminde b\u00fcy\u00fck&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":62,"featured_media":5244,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_thinkrank_schema_form_data":"","_thinkrank_selected_schema_type":"","_thinkrank_additional_schemas":"","_thinkrank_canonical_url":"","_thinkrank_og_title":"","_thinkrank_og_description":"","_thinkrank_og_image":"","_thinkrank_twitter_title":"","_thinkrank_twitter_description":"","_thinkrank_twitter_image":"","_thinkrank_imported_from":"","_thinkrank_focus_keywords":[],"_thinkrank_focus_keyword":"","_thinkrank_robots_meta_enabled":0,"_thinkrank_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_advanced_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_primary_category":0,"footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[604,631,124,451,605,379,208,110],"ppma_author":[2032,2031],"class_list":["post-5242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kose-yazilari","tag-charlie-munger","tag-cin-ve-hindistan","tag-enerji-denklemi","tag-ferda-bayrak","tag-komur-gaz","tag-selcuk-ozgen","tag-uluslararasi-enerji-ajansi","tag-verimlilik"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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