{"id":5430,"date":"2017-08-03T09:48:07","date_gmt":"2017-08-03T06:48:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/tr\/?p=5430"},"modified":"2026-08-07T22:14:14","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T19:14:14","slug":"dunyanin-en-buyuk-on-komur-uretici-ulkesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/dunyanin-en-buyuk-on-komur-uretici-ulkesi\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fcnyan\u0131n En B\u00fcy\u00fck On K\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00dcretici \u00dclkesi"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Her ne kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa da k\u00f6m\u00fcr hala d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en fazla kullan\u0131lan do\u011fal kayna\u011f\u0131 konumunda. Bunun nedeni k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn d\u00fcnya genelinde enerjinin yap\u0131-ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131. T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada elektri\u011fin %40\u2019\u0131 halen k\u00f6m\u00fcrden \u00fcretiliyor. Yak\u0131nda petrol\u00fcn yerini alabilir ve birincil enerji kaynaklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda liderlik konumuna y\u00fckselebilir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu b\u00f6lgesinde bulunmas\u0131, fiyat\u0131n\u0131n ucuz olmas\u0131 ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kolay olmas\u0131 k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc d\u00fcnya enerji arenas\u0131nda bask\u0131n durumda tutuyor.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

***<\/span><\/p>\n

Son rakamlara g\u00f6re k\u00f6m\u00fcr rezervlerinin t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada 869 milyar ton seviyesinde oldu\u011fu tahmin ediliyor. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 115 y\u0131ll\u0131k kullan\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fc kalsa da petrol ve do\u011falgazdan daha sonra t\u00fckenecek. \u00d6zellikle Asya ve Afrika’n\u0131n n\u00fcfuslar\u0131na sa\u011flamalar\u0131 gereken enerji d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde buralardaki rezervler \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemli.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in d\u00fcnyan\u0131n birinci, Amerika ise ikinci en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcreticisidir. Bunlar\u0131 Hindistan ve Avustralya takip ediyor. \u00c7in, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri, Rusya, Hindistan ve Avustralya t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyadaki k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn %75\u2019ini t\u00fcketiyor. Yenilenebilir enerjinin h\u0131zl\u0131 y\u00fckseli\u015fine ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen k\u00f6m\u00fcr hala t\u00fcm enerji kaynaklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde enerji gereksinimi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en \u00f6n s\u0131radaki yerini korumakta.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyadaki toplam k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretiminin yakla\u015f\u0131k %90\u2019\u0131 \u00c7in liderli\u011findeki on \u00fclke taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmekte. \u0130\u015fte D\u00fcnya Enerji Konseyinden ve \u00e7e\u015fitli ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 yay\u0131nlardan al\u0131nan verilere g\u00f6re en \u00f6nemli ta\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc \u00fcreticileri konumundaki \u00fclkelere ait istatistikler:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Ukrayna<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Ukrayna k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretimi 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda 64,98 milyon ton olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Son y\u0131llarda \u00fclkenin do\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerinden kaynaklanan sorunlar nedeniyle kok k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve enerji eldesinde kullan\u0131lan k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretiminde bir gerileme ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Donetsk B\u00f6lgesinde k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretiminde %30\u2019luk bir gerileme ya\u015fand\u0131. Sonu\u00e7 olarak Ukrayna enerji \u00fcretiminde G\u00fcney Afrika ve Rusya\u2019dan k\u00f6m\u00fcr ithal etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Kolombiya<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretimi 85,5 milyon tondu ve bunun %94,3\u2019\u00fc ihra\u00e7 edildi. Bu y\u0131lda madenlerin \u00fcretimi %18 artt\u0131.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Kazakistan<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Aral\u0131k 2012 itibariyle Kazakistan 116,6 milyon tonla k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretiminde sekizinci s\u0131rada yer ald\u0131. K\u00f6m\u00fcr t\u00fcketiminde ise enerji \u00fcretim kapasitesinin yakla\u015f\u0131k %85\u2019inin k\u00f6m\u00fcrden sa\u011flanmas\u0131 nedeniyle 12. s\u0131rada. \u00dclke 33.6 milyar ton k\u00f6m\u00fcr rezervine sahip ve d\u00fcnyada k\u00f6m\u00fcr rezervi olan \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda sekizinci s\u0131rada. Kazakistan\u2019da 400\u2019den fazla k\u00f6m\u00fcr oca\u011f\u0131 mevcut.<\/p>\n

        \"\"7.G\u00fcney Afrika<\/strong><\/p>\n

        260 milyon ton\u2019luk \u00fcretimle G\u00fcney Afrika yedinci s\u0131rada yer al\u0131yor. 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na 74 milyon ton ihracat ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren alt\u0131nc\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00f6m\u00fcr ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 \u00fclke. \u00c7o\u011funlukla ihracat Avrupa, \u00c7in ve Endonezya\u2019ya yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Elektrik \u00fcretiminin %90\u2019\u0131 \u00fcretti\u011fi k\u00f6m\u00fcrden sa\u011flan\u0131yor. 2012 sonu itibariyle k\u00f6m\u00fcr rezervi 30,15 milyar ton civar\u0131nda.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Rusya<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Rusya d\u00fcnya k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretiminde alt\u0131nc\u0131 s\u0131rada. 2012\u2019deki 354,8 milyon tonluk k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretiminin %80\u2019i buhar k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcnden geri kalan\u0131 kok k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcnden \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. 2012\u2019de 134 milyon ton k\u00f6m\u00fcr ihra\u00e7 eden \u00fclke en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u00f6m\u00fcr ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. 157 milyar tonluk k\u00f6m\u00fcr rezervi ile d\u00fcnyadaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci rezerve sahip \u00fclkede k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretiminin yar\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k ocak madencili\u011fi ile yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Endonezya<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Endonezya 386 milyon k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretimi ile be\u015finci s\u0131rada. Endonezya elektrik \u00fcretiminin %44\u2019\u00fc k\u00f6m\u00fcrden sa\u011flan\u0131yor. \u00dclke 5,5 milyar ton k\u00f6m\u00fcr rezervine sahip.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Avustralya<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Avustralya k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretimi 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda 413 milyon tona ula\u015ft\u0131. \u00dclke k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretiminin %90\u2019\u0131n\u0131 ihra\u00e7 ediyor. Endonezya’dan sonra en \u00e7ok k\u00f6m\u00fcr ihra\u00e7 eden ikinci \u00fclke konumunda. 76,4 milyar ton k\u00f6m\u00fcr rezervine sahip. Toplam k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretiminin %74\u2019\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k ocak madencili\u011fiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmekte.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \"\" Hindistan<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Hindistan 605 milyon tonluk k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretimi ile d\u00fcnyada \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclke konumunda. D\u00fcnya k\u00f6m\u00fcr t\u00fcketiminin %8\u2019i Hindistan’a ait ve d\u00fcnyada k\u00f6m\u00fcr t\u00fcketiminde \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada. Ayr\u0131ca 160 milyon tonluk k\u00f6m\u00fcr ithalat\u0131 ile d\u00fcnyada \u00c7in ve Japonya\u2019dan sonra \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck ithalat\u00e7\u0131. Hindistan elektrik \u00fcretiminin % 68\u2019i k\u00f6m\u00fcrden sa\u011flan\u0131yor. Yine 60,6 milyar tonluk k\u00f6m\u00fcr rezervi ile d\u00fcnyada \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u00a0 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda 922 milyon tonluk k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretimi ile ikinci s\u0131rada yer ald\u0131. Toplam d\u00fcnya k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretiminin % 13\u2019\u00fcne sahip ve ayr\u0131ca ikinci en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00f6m\u00fcr t\u00fcketicisi. D\u00fcnya k\u00f6m\u00fcr t\u00fcketiminin %11\u2019i bu \u00fclkeden ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriliyor. Elektrik \u00fcretiminin %37\u2019si k\u00f6m\u00fcrden sa\u011flan\u0131yor. 237 milyar ton ile en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00f6m\u00fcr rezervine sahip \u00fclke.<\/p>\n

                  1.\u00c7in<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \u00c7in son 30 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde d\u00fcnyadaki en \u00e7ok k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcreten \u00fclke konumunda. 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda 3,7 milyar ton k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f olan \u00fclke d\u00fcnya k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretiminin %47\u2019sini sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Ayr\u0131ca d\u00fcnya k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7in t\u00fcketiyor. 114,5 milyar tonla d\u00fcnyada \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00f6m\u00fcr rezervine sahip. K\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretiminin yar\u0131s\u0131 elektrik \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Elektrik \u00fcretiminin %80\u2019i k\u00f6m\u00fcrden sa\u011flan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

                  \"\"D\u00fcnyada k\u00f6m\u00fcre olan ihtiya\u00e7 her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn art\u0131yor ve termik santrallerde \u00fcretilen elektri\u011fin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 hala k\u00f6m\u00fcre dayal\u0131. Her ne kadar k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00e7\u0131karma faaliyetleri ciddi ekolojik problemlere yol a\u00e7sa da bunlarla ilgili \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck gereklilik arz ediyor. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, h\u00fckumetlerin madencilik ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr haz\u0131rlama alan\u0131nda yenilik\u00e7i teknolojiler getirmesi gerekiyor. Bunu yaparken verimin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00e7evresel s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik \u00f6n planda tutulmal\u0131. Politika yap\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n uzun vadeli teknoloji \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131 gelecekte ya\u015fanabilecek k\u00fcresel enerji problemlerinin \u00f6nlenmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Her ne kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa da k\u00f6m\u00fcr hala d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en fazla kullan\u0131lan do\u011fal kayna\u011f\u0131 konumunda. Bunun nedeni k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn d\u00fcnya genelinde enerjinin yap\u0131-ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131. T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5433,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_thinkrank_schema_form_data":"","_thinkrank_selected_schema_type":"","_thinkrank_additional_schemas":"","_thinkrank_canonical_url":"","_thinkrank_og_title":"","_thinkrank_og_description":"","_thinkrank_og_image":"","_thinkrank_twitter_title":"","_thinkrank_twitter_description":"","_thinkrank_twitter_image":"","_thinkrank_imported_from":"","_thinkrank_focus_keywords":[],"_thinkrank_focus_keyword":"","_thinkrank_robots_meta_enabled":0,"_thinkrank_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_advanced_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_primary_category":0,"footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[267,269,696,499,670,697,698,103,699,308,288,700,701,702,134,119,274],"ppma_author":[2016],"class_list":["post-5430","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kose-yazilari","tag-abd-ab","tag-avrupa-birligi","tag-avustralya","tag-cin","tag-cumhurbaskani-erdogan","tag-dunyanin-en-buyuk-on-komur-uretici-ulkesi","tag-endonezya","tag-enerji","tag-guney-afrika","tag-hindistan","tag-kazakistan","tag-kolombiya","tag-komur-rezervleri","tag-komur-uretimi","tag-rusya","tag-tespam","tag-ukrayna"],"yoast_head":"\nD\u00fcnyan\u0131n En B\u00fcy\u00fck On K\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00dcretici \u00dclkesi - T\u00fcrkiye Enerji Stratejileri ve Politikalar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/dunyanin-en-buyuk-on-komur-uretici-ulkesi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D\u00fcnyan\u0131n En B\u00fcy\u00fck On K\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00dcretici \u00dclkesi - T\u00fcrkiye Enerji Stratejileri ve Politikalar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Her ne kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa da k\u00f6m\u00fcr hala d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en fazla kullan\u0131lan do\u011fal kayna\u011f\u0131 konumunda. 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