{"id":6227,"date":"2018-03-06T12:41:58","date_gmt":"2018-03-06T09:41:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/tr\/?p=6227"},"modified":"2026-08-07T22:14:10","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T19:14:10","slug":"gunes-enerjisinin-gelecegi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/gunes-enerjisinin-gelecegi\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00fcne\u015f Enerjisinin Gelece\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

D\u00fcnyada yap\u0131lan son GES ihalelerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck indirimler g\u00f6zl\u00fcyoruz. Bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu PV de\u011fil, CST tasar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Neden bizler sadece PV esasl\u0131 GES kuruyoruz? Neden CST (Concentrated Solar Thermal) g\u00fcne\u015f santralleri kurmuyoruz? D\u00fcnyada kurulan GES santrallerinin %97’si PV esasl\u0131. \u015eartlar neden bizi 1-MWe lisanss\u0131z GES santral kurulumu PV uygulamas\u0131na mahkum ediyor? B\u00fcy\u00fck kapasitelerde aynalarla bir noktaya odaklanan g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisini \u00f6nce termal enerjiye sonra buhar kazan\u0131 d\u00fczeninde elektrik enerjisine \u00e7eviren CST termal santraller daha pratik. Tasar\u0131m var, yaz\u0131l\u0131m var, CST olarak neden hi\u00e7 yat\u0131r\u0131m yok?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda benzer GES ihalelerini g\u00f6zledik. GES PV esasl\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck kapasitelerde, \u00e7\u00f6llerde yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Saudi Arabistan GES ihalesinde KWsaat ba\u015f\u0131na 1.79 $Cent, Almanya’da 4.30 EuroCent, \u015eili’de 2.10 $Cent, Meksika’da 1.77 $Cent fiyatlar olu\u015ftu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yurdumuzda toplam kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz 2017 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu itibariyle 85 GWe oldu. Zaman i\u00e7inde yenilenebilir enerji santrallerinin toplam \u00fcretimdeki pay\u0131n\u0131n artaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ithal ve fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n pay\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fini, ithal ve fosil yak\u0131t ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n azalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bekliyorduk. Pek \u00f6yle olmad\u0131. Devlet politikas\u0131, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi ile elektrik enerji arz\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvene almak, enerjide d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltmak olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

GES santralleri g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde g\u00fcne\u015f var iken 08-16 saatleri aras\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, yurdumuzda g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi 7-8 saat aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Havan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k- kapal\u0131 olmas\u0131 da k\u0131smi etkiler. Bu da y\u0131lda en fazla 2500 saat eder. Yani termik veya n\u00fckleer santral gibi baz y\u00fck santrali olamazlar. Yak\u0131t masraf\u0131 yoktur. Depolanma gerekir. G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi kullan\u0131rken hidrolik santralleri kapat\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z, depolanacak enerjiniz baraj g\u00f6l\u00fcnde su potansiyeli olarak kal\u0131r, enerji depolam\u0131\u015f olursunuz.<\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00fcne\u015f Enerjisi \u00fcreten enerji santrallerinin toplam kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc, 2017 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu itibariyle 3000 MWe yakla\u015ft\u0131. Y\u0131l i\u00e7inde GES lisansl\u0131 proje toplam\u0131 52 MW oldu. Bu miktar\u0131n 13 MW’\u0131 i\u015fletmeye al\u0131nabildi, kalan\u0131 in\u015faat halinde devam ediyor. Lisanss\u0131zlar \u00e7ok fazla, lisansl\u0131 projeler \u00e7ok \u00e7ok az. Lisans i\u015fini \u00f6ylesine zora sokmu\u015fuz ki, kimse lisansl\u0131 i\u015f yapmak istemiyor. Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, onlarca hatta y\u00fczlerce \u015firket kurup, 1-MWe alt\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7leri birbirine ba\u011flamay\u0131 daha uygun buluyor. Bu yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n uyan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, kamunun bu i\u015fi d\u00fczene koyamamas\u0131 sonucu oldu. Neden Almanya’da b\u00f6yle bir durum yok? Lisansl\u0131 ile lisanss\u0131z aras\u0131ndaki d\u00fczenlemeyi, masraf\u0131, ba\u015fvuru prosed\u00fcrlerini birbirine yakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n, bizdeki anla\u015f\u0131lmaz durum ortadan kalkar.<\/span><\/p>\n

GES yat\u0131r\u0131m maliyetleri \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda 5346 say\u0131l\u0131 yasa ile ciddi te\u015fvikler getirildi. Sat\u0131nalma garanti fiyatlar\u0131 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda 5-5.50 EuroCent\/ KWsaat iken 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda 13.30 $Cent\/ KWsaat oldu. Yerli imalat te\u015fviki ile daha da yukar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kabiliyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in GES atlas\u0131 yay\u0131nland\u0131. TE\u0130A\u015e TM kapasiteleri belirlendi, 2014-2015 aras\u0131nda 6 paket i\u00e7inde katl\u0131 payl\u0131 ihaleler a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p 600 MW kapasite yarat\u0131ld\u0131. 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda YEKA ihalesi ile 1000 MWe yeni GES kapasitesi olu\u015fturuldu.<\/span><\/p>\n

GES g\u00fcne\u015f h\u00fccreleri ve panel fiyatlar\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ucuzlama g\u00f6zlendi. 2017 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda 24-25 $Cent\/Wp fiyatlar al\u0131nd\u0131. Ekonomi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda GES panel ithalat\u0131na verilen ithalat te\u015fvikleri, 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda i\u00e7 piyasan\u0131n istedi\u011fi miktarda yerli imalat yap\u0131labilir oldu. Anti Damping ve ek KDV uygulamas\u0131 ile yabanc\u0131 panel ithalat fiyatlar\u0131 60 $Cent\/Wp seviyesine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Yerli \u00fcreticiler fiyat avantaj\u0131ndan faydalanmak i\u00e7in fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 50 $Cent\/Wp’ye \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar.<\/span><\/p>\n

TE\u0130A\u015e, 2014-2015 y\u0131llar\u0131nda 6 adet ihale a\u00e7arak 600MW toplam kapasitede GES proje tahsisini 49 \u015firkete verdi. Tahsis kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u015firketler 1.23 milyar TL katk\u0131 pay\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demeyi taahh\u00fct ettiler. \u0130ki \u015firket \u00f6nlisans i\u015flemlerini tamamlayarak 13 MW kapasitede GES yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fletmeye ald\u0131lar. Di\u011fer \u015firketler 120 MW kapasitede te\u015fvik belgesini ald\u0131lar, ancak maliyet art\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, kalan 480 MW kapasitede projeler kilitlendi, beklemede duruyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ihale \u00f6ncesi \u015fartlar ihale sonras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. Ba\u015fta te\u015fvik vard\u0131, ihale sonras\u0131nda kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda YEK kanunu GES yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in sat\u0131nalma garantisi destekleme elektrik fiyat\u0131n\u0131 10 y\u0131l s\u00fcre i\u00e7in 13.30 $Cent\/ KWsaat olarak belirledi. 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan 1000 MWe YEKA GES ihalesinde kazanan gurup bu fiyat\u0131 6.99 $Cent\/ KWsaat seviyesine indirdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kazanan gurup, 500 MWe\/YIL \u00fcretim kapasiteli ve 500 milyon ABD Dolar yat\u0131r\u0131m b\u00fct\u00e7eli \u00fcretim tesisini yurt i\u00e7inde kurmay\u0131 kabullendi. \u00dcretim tesisi Ankara Ba\u015fkent Organize Sanayi B\u00f6lgesinde kurulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bizim co\u011frafyada kamunun vergi toplama gayretleri yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131y\u0131 cayd\u0131r\u0131yor. Lisans i\u015fini \u00f6ylesine yoku\u015fa s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f\u00fcz ki, herkes lisanss\u0131z 1-MW alt\u0131nda yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda birim KW maliyet GES yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 4000-4500 ABD Dolar iken, 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda birim KW i\u00e7in GES yat\u0131r\u0131m maliyeti 700-800 ABD Dolar seviyesine indi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kamu denetleme kurumlar\u0131 ba\u015flarda yeni d\u00fczenlemeler i\u00e7in konuya olabildi\u011fince uzak duruyordu. Kamu sisteme girdi\u011fi anda yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131y\u0131 zorlayacak nerdeyse vazge\u00e7irecek uygulamalar geliyor. Mesela uygulamada \u00fcretti\u011fi elektri\u011fin %50’sini kendi i\u00e7 t\u00fcketiminde kullanma zorunlu\u011fu istenebilir. S\u00fcrekli depolama mecburiyeti olabilir. Hisse sahibi olma konusunda s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar getirebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

GES sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde halen yurti\u00e7inde 20-bin civar\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. \u015eu anda 26 ayr\u0131 tesiste montaj a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 panel \u00fcretimi yap\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00c7o\u011funlukla basit konstr\u00fcksiyon, kablaj, mekanik \u00e7er\u00e7eveleme i\u015fleri g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Toplam yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n %75-80 oran\u0131 hala ithal. Ger\u00e7ek \u00fcretim YEKA kapsam\u0131 tesislerde yap\u0131lacak. Di\u011ferleri ellerindeki i\u015fleri bitirip i\u015fyerlerini kapanacaklar. Sonra herhalde 20-bin ki\u015fi i\u015fsiz kalacak.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kurulan GES tesislerinde, birka\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde nedense %20-25 civar\u0131nda kurulu g\u00fc\u00e7 kayb\u0131 g\u00f6zleniyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ev \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde \u00c7at\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fc GES kurulumu iyi incelenmeli diyoruz. \u00c7ok yeni yasal d\u00fczenleme ile 3 kVA kadar lisans gere\u011fi kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Ev \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde kapasite 10kW ile s\u0131n\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f. Bu k\u0131s\u0131tlama ile, (feasibility) yap\u0131labilirlik yani makul s\u00fcrede geri \u00f6deme olmuyor. Mevcut yap\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne yakla\u015f\u0131k metrekarede 25 kg ek y\u00fck biniyor. Mevcut yap\u0131lar bu ek y\u00fck\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131maya yetmiyor. Yazl\u0131klarda kullan\u0131m s\u00fcresi 3-4 ay, bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7in \u00e7at\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fc GES yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yeterli de\u011fil. Faturalama, mahsupla\u015fma zor. Yang\u0131n riski var, sigortalama imkan\u0131 zor.<\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi santrali kuraca\u011f\u0131m diyerek, verimli tar\u0131m arazisini \u00e7orak arazi konumuna getirenler var. Allah ak\u0131l fikir versin.<\/span><\/p>\n

GES piyasas\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 dernek var, G\u00dcNDER, GENSED, G\u00dcYAD. Neden \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 dernek var? Neden tek dernek yok? Aralar\u0131nda ne fark var? Bu da ba\u015fka \u00f6nemli bir soru.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’nin do\u011falgaz\u0131 , fossil yak\u0131tlar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131, linyit k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kalorifik de\u011ferde. Oysa m\u00fcthi\u015f bir G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi potansiyelimiz var. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinin T\u00fcrkiye’de \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck gelece\u011fi var. \u0130\u015fe iyi niyetlerle ba\u015flad\u0131k, ancak sadece iyi niyet yetmiyor, “Cehennemin yolu iyi niyet ta\u015flar\u0131 ile \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f”. Yap\u0131lacak \u00e7ok i\u015fimiz var.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00fcnyada yap\u0131lan son GES ihalelerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck indirimler g\u00f6zl\u00fcyoruz. Bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu PV de\u011fil, CST tasar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Neden bizler sadece PV esasl\u0131 GES kuruyoruz? Neden CST (Concentrated Solar\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":69,"featured_media":6228,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_thinkrank_schema_form_data":"","_thinkrank_selected_schema_type":"","_thinkrank_additional_schemas":"","_thinkrank_canonical_url":"","_thinkrank_og_title":"","_thinkrank_og_description":"","_thinkrank_og_image":"","_thinkrank_twitter_title":"","_thinkrank_twitter_description":"","_thinkrank_twitter_image":"","_thinkrank_imported_from":"","_thinkrank_focus_keywords":[],"_thinkrank_focus_keyword":"","_thinkrank_robots_meta_enabled":0,"_thinkrank_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_advanced_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_primary_category":0,"footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[324,105,563],"ppma_author":[2039],"class_list":["post-6227","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kose-yazilari","tag-ges","tag-gunes","tag-haluk-direskeneli"],"yoast_head":"\nG\u00fcne\u015f Enerjisinin Gelece\u011fi - T\u00fcrkiye Enerji Stratejileri ve Politikalar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/gunes-enerjisinin-gelecegi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"G\u00fcne\u015f Enerjisinin Gelece\u011fi - T\u00fcrkiye Enerji Stratejileri ve Politikalar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"D\u00fcnyada yap\u0131lan son GES ihalelerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck indirimler g\u00f6zl\u00fcyoruz. 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