{"id":6243,"date":"2018-03-14T16:08:04","date_gmt":"2018-03-14T13:08:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/tr\/?p=6243"},"modified":"2026-08-07T22:14:10","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T19:14:10","slug":"petrol-kalitesinin-petrol-piyasasindaki-onemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/petrol-kalitesinin-petrol-piyasasindaki-onemi\/","title":{"rendered":"Petrol Kalitesinin Petrol Piyasas\u0131ndaki \u00d6nemi"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p><span style=\"color: #008080;\">Petrol, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli enerji kaynaklar\u0131ndan biridir. \u201cPeki, bu kadar \u00f6nemli olan <em>\u2018Petrol\u2019<\/em> nedir, nas\u0131l bir maddedir ve neden bu kadar \u00f6nemlidir?\u201d gibi sorular\u0131n hepimizin akl\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ti\u011fi a\u015fik\u00e2rd\u0131r. <\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada u\u011fruna \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nca gizli sava\u015flar verilen <em>Petrol<\/em>, Latince petra (ta\u015f) ve oleum (ya\u011f) kelimelerinin birle\u015fiminden olu\u015farak <em>ta\u015fya\u011f\u0131 <\/em>(petroleum) anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Biraz daha a\u00e7mak gerekirse, milyonlarca y\u0131l \u00f6nce denizlerle kapl\u0131 olan yerk\u00fcre i\u00e7erisindeki binlerce bitki ve hayvan art\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmesi ile yer taban\u0131nda birikmesi ve zaman i\u00e7erisinde deniz sular\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekilmesiyle, bu art\u0131klar\u0131n \u00fczerinin kum ve toprakla kapanm\u0131\u015f olan ve daha sonra ise yerin alt\u0131nda olu\u015fan s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131nc\u0131n etkisiyle kimyasal bozunmaya maruz kalarak hidrojen ve karbondan olu\u015fan organik k\u00f6kenli s\u0131v\u0131ya ham petrol diyoruz.<\/p>\n<p>Tan\u0131mdan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, petrol\u00fcn olu\u015fumu jeolojik yap\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 deformasyonu, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 ve y\u00fckselmesi gibi unsurlar\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde ta\u015f\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. Bu unsurlar, petrol potansiyeli a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a olumsuz g\u00f6r\u00fclen fakt\u00f6rlerdir.\u00a0\u00dclkemiz, Alp Himalaya Da\u011f Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen bir ku\u015fak \u00fczerinde yer almaktad\u0131r ve bu ku\u015fak bahsi ge\u00e7en bu unsurlar\u0131n hepsini b\u00fcnyesinde bulundurmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnyada bilinen b\u00fcy\u00fck petrol sahalar\u0131 (Hazar, Ortado\u011fu, Kuzey Afrika \u00fclkeleri) bu ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcney k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 \u00dclkemizde ise petrol \u00fcretimi yap\u0131lan G\u00fcney Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi, bu petrol b\u00f6lgesine kom\u015fu bulunmaktad\u0131r. Zengin petrol yataklar\u0131na sahip Ortado\u011fu \u00fclkelerine kom\u015fu olmak, ilk bak\u0131\u015fta, \u00fclkemizde de benzer petrol yataklar\u0131n\u0131n olabilece\u011fine \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rsa da; \u00fclkemiz, jeolojik yap\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc b\u00f6lgesindekilere g\u00f6re petrol zengini bir \u00fclke konumunda de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<p>D\u0131\u015fardan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir yerde petrol\u00fcn sadece rezerv olarak bulunmas\u0131 yeterli gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, asl\u0131nda bir b\u00f6lgenin ya da \u00fclkenin petrol zengini olarak nitelendirilebilmesi i\u00e7in rezervindeki petrol\u00fcn ne kadar kaliteli oldu\u011fu da \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. <em>Petrol zenginli\u011fi<\/em> ifadesini tam olarak anlayabilmemiz i\u00e7in, \u00f6ncelikle bu <em>kaliteli petrol<\/em> terimi ne demektir diye biraz sorgulamam\u0131z gerekiyor. Petrol\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken dikkate al\u0131nan en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rler, gravitesi (API),\u00a0 vizkozitesi ve i\u00e7erdi\u011fi k\u00fck\u00fcrt miktar\u0131 gibi \u00f6zelliklerdir. Petrol\u00fcn kalitesi belirlenirken bu fakt\u00f6rlerden en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan\u0131, petrol\u00fcn ak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendiren API Gravitesidir. Amerikan Petrol Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (API) taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ve \u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 API Gravitesi tan\u0131m\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada petrol\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in genel kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Uluslararas\u0131 bir birim olan gravite, 10 ila 48 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Hafif, orta ve a\u011f\u0131r petrol olarak yap\u0131lan s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmada, s\u0131ras\u0131yla, hafif\u00a0 petrol &gt; 31, orta petrol 20 \u2013 31, a\u011f\u0131r petrol 10 \u2013 20 API gravite de\u011ferlerine sahiptirler. Daha a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 ifade etmek gerekirse, kolay akan petrol\u00fcn yani hafif petrol\u00fcn API de\u011feri y\u00fcksektir. A\u011fdal\u0131 petrol\u00fcn yani a\u011f\u0131r petrol\u00fcn ise API de\u011feri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Y\u00fcksek API gravitesine sahip olan hafif petrol kaliteli petrol olarak nitelendirilirken, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck API gravitesine sahip olan a\u011f\u0131r petrol d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaliteli petrol olarak nitelendirilir.<\/p>\n<p>Petrol\u00fcn i\u015flenmesi a\u015famas\u0131nda devreye giren rafineriler, genelde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck API gravitesine sahip olan a\u011f\u0131r petrol\u00fc (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaliteli), ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ve iyile\u015ftirilmesi gibi ek i\u015flemlerle maliyetleri artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in almak istemezler.\u00a0D\u00fcnyada a\u011f\u0131r petrol rezervleri\u00a0Brezilya, Kanada, Amerika, Rusya ve Venezuela\u2019da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Kolay \u00fcretilebilir olmas\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nabilmesi ve i\u015flenebilmesi sebebiyle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde d\u00fcnya petrol talebinin %90\u2019\u0131 hafif ve orta petrol ile kar\u015f\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnya petrol kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n ancak % 25\u2019ini hafif ve orta petrol te\u015fkil etmektedir. Gelgelelim, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki petrol sahalar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r petrol i\u00e7ermektedir. Petrol sava\u015flar\u0131 ise daha k\u0131t olan hafif petrole ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu sebepledir ki T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de belli bir oranda rezervimiz olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u00e7o\u011funlukla sahip oldu\u011fumuz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaliteli a\u011f\u0131r petrol sebebiyle di\u011fer \u00fclkelerde, \u00f6rne\u011fin \u0130ran ve di\u011fer Ortado\u011fu \u00fclkeleri, elde edilen kaliteli hafif petrol ithalat\u0131n\u0131 yapmaya muhta\u00e7 durumday\u0131z.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Petrol, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli enerji kaynaklar\u0131ndan biridir. \u201cPeki, bu kadar \u00f6nemli olan \u2018Petrol\u2019 nedir, nas\u0131l bir maddedir ve neden bu kadar \u00f6nemlidir?\u201d gibi sorular\u0131n hepimizin\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6244,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_thinkrank_schema_form_data":"","_thinkrank_selected_schema_type":"","_thinkrank_additional_schemas":"","_thinkrank_canonical_url":"","_thinkrank_og_title":"","_thinkrank_og_description":"","_thinkrank_og_image":"","_thinkrank_twitter_title":"","_thinkrank_twitter_description":"","_thinkrank_twitter_image":"","_thinkrank_imported_from":"","_thinkrank_focus_keywords":[],"_thinkrank_focus_keyword":"","_thinkrank_robots_meta_enabled":0,"_thinkrank_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_advanced_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_primary_category":0,"footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[2016],"class_list":["post-6243","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kose-yazilari"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the 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