{"id":6636,"date":"2018-10-16T22:04:06","date_gmt":"2018-10-16T19:04:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/tr\/?p=6636"},"modified":"2026-08-07T22:14:07","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T19:14:07","slug":"enerji-sistemleri-muhendisliginde-son-gelismeler-entegre-enerji-sistemleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/enerji-sistemleri-muhendisliginde-son-gelismeler-entegre-enerji-sistemleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Enerji Sistemleri M\u00fchendisli\u011finde Son Geli\u015fmeler: Entegre Enerji Sistemleri"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Termik <strong>santraller<\/strong>, g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi <strong>santralleri<\/strong>, biyogaz <strong>santralleri<\/strong>, dalga enerjisi <strong>santralleri<\/strong> gibi klasik enerji sistemleri ile birlikte son zamanlarda r\u00fczgar- dalga enerjisi <strong>santralleri<\/strong>, absorbsiyonlu so\u011futma- g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi sistemleri, sentez gaz\u0131 yakma- metanol \u00fcretim sistemleri, at\u0131ktan enerji \u00fcretimi ve geri kazan\u0131m gibi <strong>entegre sistemler<\/strong> enerji \u00fcretim sistemlerinde kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Entegre enerji sistemlerini<\/strong> d\u00f6rt ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda toplayabiliriz:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130ki enerji \u00fcretim tesisinin birle\u015ftirilmesi ile olu\u015fturabilen <strong>entegre sistemler<\/strong>: Bu sistemler hibrit sistemler olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f- R\u00fczgar sistemleri, G\u00fcne\u015f- Jeotermal sistemleri, Organik <strong>Rankine<\/strong>-Buhar S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 So\u011futma sistemleri, G\u00fcne\u015f- Absorpsiyonlu So\u011futma sistemleri gibi iki farkl\u0131 sistemin bir araya getirilmesi ile \u00e7ok daha verimli bir enerji \u00fcretimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilmektedir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6637\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/aaa.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"313\" height=\"331\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u015eekil <\/strong><strong>1<\/strong><strong>: Fluventum sistemine dair \u00f6rnek tasar\u0131m<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin; M\u00fcnih Teknik \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden \u00e7\u0131kan bir yenilenebilir enerji projesi kapsam\u0131nda Fluventum ad\u0131 verilen deniz \u00fcst\u00fc (off shore) r\u00fczgar t\u00fcrbinleri ile dalga enerjisini birle\u015ftiren <strong>entegre bir sistem<\/strong> tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xtrlarge.com\/2018\/01\/04\/en-buyuk-ruzgar-santrali-bati-avrupa\/\">r\u00fczgar t\u00fcrbinlerinin<\/a> taban\u0131ndaki beton yap\u0131lar\u0131n i\u00e7inde denize a\u00e7\u0131k odalar vard\u0131r. Bu odalarda y\u00fckselip al\u00e7alan su seviyesi, odan\u0131n \u00fczerindeki kapal\u0131 jenerat\u00f6r yap\u0131lar\u0131na bas\u0131n\u00e7 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu bas\u0131n\u00e7 da simetrik \u015fekilde yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f d\u00f6rt jenerat\u00f6r\u00fc d\u00f6nd\u00fcrerek enerji \u00fcretmektedir. Fluventum\u2019 da \u00fcretilen elektrik iki farkl\u0131 sistemden (r\u00fczgar enerjisi ve dalga enerjisi) gelmesine ra\u011fmen, tek kablo ile anakaradaki \u015febekeye iletilebilmektedir. B\u00f6ylece hem bir seferde \u00fcretilen g\u00fc\u00e7 miktar\u0131 artmakta, hem de maliyetler ciddi \u015fekilde azalt\u0131lmaktad\u0131r [1].<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Enerji \u00fcretim tesisleri ile bu tesislerden yan \u00fcr\u00fcn olu\u015fturabilen<strong> entegre sistemler<\/strong>: Termik ve biyoenerji <strong>santrallerde<\/strong> kullan\u0131lan enerji kayna\u011f\u0131na ve i\u015f ak\u0131\u015fkan\u0131na g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 yan \u00fcr\u00fcnler elde edilmektedir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin; prensip olarak her t\u00fcrl\u00fc biyok\u00fctle gazifikasyon ile sentez gaz\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. Sentez gaz\u0131 esas olarak hidrojen, karbon monoksit, karbon dioksit ve metan i\u00e7ermektedir. Bu gazdan \u00e7e\u015fitli kimyasallar\u0131n \u00fcretimi ve enerji veya enerji ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 (Is\u0131, G\u00fc\u00e7, Biyoyak\u0131t, Hidrojen, Biyometan) sa\u011flanabilmektedir [2]. \u00d6te yandan, biyoenerji <strong>santrallerinde<\/strong> olu\u015fan at\u0131k, kayna\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 g\u00fcbre olarak tar\u0131mda kullan\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Enerji \u00fcretim sistemleri ile bu tesislerden \u00e7\u0131kan at\u0131k \u0131s\u0131lar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirebilen <strong>entegre sistemler<\/strong>: Enerji \u00fcretim tesislerinde i\u015f ak\u0131\u015fkan\u0131 ilk halinden daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k, \u0131s\u0131l enerji ile \u00e7evrimini tamamlamaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz teknolojisi ile bu \u0131s\u0131l enerji elektrik enerjisi \u00fcretiminde, iklimlendirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda veya \u00f6n \u0131s\u0131tma yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131labilmektedir. Bu kapsamda, flash buhar, egzost gazlar\u0131 ve su gibi i\u015f ak\u0131\u015fkanlar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilebilecek kaynaklard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki at\u0131k \u0131s\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131ndan elektrik \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in Organik <strong>Rankine \u00e7evrimi,<\/strong> Goswani \u00e7evrimi, S\u00fcper kritik <strong>Rankine \u00e7evrimi<\/strong>, Kalina \u00e7evrimi kullan\u0131labilmektedir. Organik <strong>Rankine \u00e7evrimi<\/strong> bu \u00e7evrimler aras\u0131nda daha basit bir yap\u0131ya ve daha az bak\u0131ma ihtiya\u00e7 duyan bir teknolojidir. Organik <strong>Rankine \u00e7evriminde<\/strong> kullan\u0131lan i\u015f ak\u0131\u015fkan\u0131n fiziksel \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re 70-100 C\u2019 de bile elektrik \u00fcretmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r [3]. At\u0131k \u0131s\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmesinde kullan\u0131lan bir ba\u015fka y\u00f6ntem ise; kojenerasyon ve trijenerasyon sistemleridir.<\/p>\n<p>Kojenerasyon sistemleri, enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131larak g\u00fc\u00e7 ve \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n birlikte \u00fcretildi\u011fi birle\u015fik sistemlerdir.\u00a0 Kojenerasyon sistemlerinde t\u00fcrbin veya motor elektrik \u00fcretmek \u00fczere jenerat\u00f6r\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken di\u011fer yandan egzoz gazlar\u0131 ve motor so\u011futma suyunun (at\u0131k \u0131s\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131) sahip oldu\u011fu \u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6nemli miktarda \u0131s\u0131tma yap\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Trijenerasyon sistemleri, enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131larak g\u00fc\u00e7, \u0131s\u0131 ve so\u011futman\u0131n birlikte \u00fcretildi\u011fi birle\u015fik sistemlerdir. Trijenerasyon sistemlerine\u00a0kojenerasyon sistemlerine absorpsiyonlu chiller gibi so\u011futma \u00e7evriminin de eklendi\u011fi sistemler de diyebiliriz.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>As\u0131l i\u015flerinin yan\u0131nda enerji \u00fcretebilen<strong> entegre tesisler<\/strong>: Bu tesisler as\u0131l i\u015flerini yaparken bir enerji potansiyeli de meydana getiren tesislerde uygulanabilmektedir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin; at\u0131k geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm tesislerinde \u00e7\u00f6p diye adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kullan\u0131m de\u011feri olmayan maddelerden enerji \u00fcretimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilmektedir. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc at\u0131klardan yeniden de\u011ferlendirme, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ve bunlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan maddelerden ise enerji \u00fcretimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilmektedir. At\u0131k tesislerindeki en \u00f6nemli husus \u00e7ok iyi ay\u0131rma ve biriktirme a\u015famalar\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 D\u00fcnya\u2019 da \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerde \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde uygulanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n \u00fclkemizde yeni yeni uygulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu alandaki bir ba\u015fka \u00f6rnek ise; mobilya \u00fcretim tesislerinde meydana gelen a\u011fa\u00e7 at\u0131klar\u0131ndan da enerji elde edilebilmektedir. \u00c7\u0131kan at\u0131\u011f\u0131n kalorifik de\u011ferine g\u00f6re elde edilebilecek enerjiye g\u00f6re elektrik enerjisi veya \u0131s\u0131 enerjisi \u00fcretebilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Yukar\u0131da vermi\u015f oldu\u011fum \u00f6rnekler \u00e7e\u015fitlendirebilir. Burada \u00f6nemli olan husus; enerji kazan\u0131m potansiyelinin i\u015fletmelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi proseslere g\u00f6re \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6sterdi\u011fidir. \u0130\u015fletmeler kendi proses yap\u0131s\u0131na uygun olan enerji kazan\u0131m yolunu saptayarak kuracaklar\u0131<strong> entegre sistemler<\/strong> ile ciddi miktarlarda \u00f6zt\u00fcketimlerini kar\u015f\u0131labilir ve b\u00fct\u00e7elerine \u00f6nemli miktarlarda katk\u0131 sa\u011flayabilirler.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Kaynaklar:<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>[1] https:\/\/www.xtrlarge.com\/2018\/08\/07\/ruzgar-dalga-enerji-beraber-fluventum\/].\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>[2] Demirta\u015f C.\u00a0 ve Dan\u0131\u015fmaz M.,\u00a0 Gazifikasyon Y\u00f6ntemiyle Sentez Gaz\u0131 \u00dcretimi ve Gaz Yakma Sistemlerinde Kullan\u0131m\u0131, International Journal of Nuclear and Radiation Science and Technology (IJNuRaSaT), Vol.: 1-No: 2 (2016) pp. 14-19.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>[3] Pulyaev, S., Akg\u00f6z, O. ve \u00c7etin, B.:\u00a0 Enerji Santrallerinde Organik Rankine \u00c7evrimi Kullanarak At\u0131k Is\u0131n\u0131n Geri Kazan\u0131m\u0131, ULIBTK\u2019 13 19. Ulusal Is\u0131 Bilimi ve Tekni\u011fi Kongresi 9-12 Eyl\u00fcl 2013, Samsun.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yazar: Elif K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckkaya\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Termik santraller, g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi santralleri, biyogaz santralleri, dalga enerjisi santralleri gibi klasik enerji sistemleri ile birlikte son zamanlarda r\u00fczgar- dalga enerjisi santralleri, absorbsiyonlu so\u011futma- g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6638,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_thinkrank_schema_form_data":"","_thinkrank_selected_schema_type":"","_thinkrank_additional_schemas":"","_thinkrank_canonical_url":"","_thinkrank_og_title":"","_thinkrank_og_description":"","_thinkrank_og_image":"","_thinkrank_twitter_title":"","_thinkrank_twitter_description":"","_thinkrank_twitter_image":"","_thinkrank_imported_from":"","_thinkrank_focus_keywords":[],"_thinkrank_focus_keyword":"","_thinkrank_robots_meta_enabled":0,"_thinkrank_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_advanced_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_primary_category":0,"footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[899,179,872,252,253,142,106,117,254,108],"tags":[1504,1505,1506],"ppma_author":[2016],"class_list":["post-6636","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biyokutle","category-diger","category-elektrik","category-gunes","category-jeotermal","category-komur","category-kose-yazilari","category-petrol-ve-dogalgaz","category-ruzgar","category-tr","tag-entegre-sistem","tag-rankine-cevrimi","tag-santral"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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