{"id":8655,"date":"2020-01-28T20:31:22","date_gmt":"2020-01-28T17:31:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/tr\/?p=8655"},"modified":"2026-08-07T22:15:25","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T19:15:25","slug":"gizemli-virus-cinden-dunyaya-2019-ncov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tespam.org\/wordpress\/gizemli-virus-cinden-dunyaya-2019-ncov\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u0130ZEML\u0130 V\u0130R\u00dcS: \u00c7in\u2019den D\u00fcnyaya \u2026 2019-nCoV"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>G\u0130ZEML\u0130 V\u0130R\u00dcS:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00c7in\u2019den D\u00fcnyaya \u2026 2019-nCoV<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Yazan:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Prof. Dr. Levent KENAR<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Kimyasal ve Biyolojik Savunma Uzman\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cbrn Defence &#8211; Kbrn Savunma Politikalar\u0131 Geli\u015ftirme Derne\u011fi Ba\u015fkan\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>31 Aral\u0131k 2019&#8217;da D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (WHO), <strong>\u00c7in<\/strong>&#8216;in Wuhan \u015eehrinde nedeni<br \/>\nbilinmeyen 200\u2019 e yak\u0131n pn\u00f6moni (zat\u00fcrre) \u2013grip vakalar\u0131ndan 3\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcmle sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131,<br \/>\netken olarak da <strong>koronavir\u00fcs<\/strong> ailesinin yeni bir \u00fcyesini belirlediklerini bildirdiler. 12 Ocak<br \/>\n2020&#8217;de vakalardan elde edilen \u00f6rneklerde yeni bir <strong>koronavir\u00fcs<\/strong> tespit edildi\u011fi kesinle\u015fti ve<br \/>\n<strong>vir\u00fcs<\/strong> genetik dizilerinin ilk analizinin bu salg\u0131n\u0131n nedeni oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131.<br \/>\n25 Ocak 2020 itibariyle <strong>\u00c7in<\/strong> Ulusal Sa\u011fl\u0131k Komisyonu taraf\u0131ndan resmi olarak 830<br \/>\nvaka ve 25 \u00f6l\u00fcm bildirilmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcne kadar 16 sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131n da enfekte oldu\u011fu<br \/>\nbildirilmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\nDaha \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen salg\u0131nlarda Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)<br \/>\nve Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) ayn\u0131 aileye ait <strong>koronavir\u00fcs<\/strong>lerce olu\u015fmu\u015ftu.<br \/>\nAncak bu yeni <strong>vir\u00fcs<\/strong>, bu ailenin en son tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f \u00fcyesi olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. SARS; Kas\u0131m<br \/>\n2002 ve Temmuz 2003 aras\u0131nda, G\u00fcney \u00c7in&#8217;de 8087 vakada 774 \u00f6l\u00fcmle sonu\u00e7lanan salg\u0131nlar\u0131<br \/>\nyaparken MERS; belli d\u00f6nemlerde salg\u0131n olu\u015fturmu\u015f ve 4 Nisan 2017 itibariyle 2000&#8217;e yak\u0131n<br \/>\nvaka bildirilmi\u015ftir. 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise Kore Cumhuriyeti&#8217;nde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir salg\u0131n meydana getiren<br \/>\nbu <strong>vir\u00fcs<\/strong> <strong>koronavir\u00fcs<\/strong> ailesinden MERS-CoV olarak bilinmektedir.<br \/>\n2019-nCoV; yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu salg\u0131n \u00c7in pn\u00f6monisi veya Wuhan <strong>coronavir\u00fcs<\/strong> salg\u0131n\u0131<br \/>\nolarak d\u00fcnyada bilinmektedir. Salg\u0131n Aral\u0131k 2019 tarihinde ay ortalar\u0131nda Wuhan\u2019da<br \/>\nba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nedeni bilinmeyen atipik pn\u00f6moni (bir \u00e7e\u015fit zat\u00fcrre) ile gelen hastalardan<br \/>\n\u015f\u00fcphelenilerek etken belirleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler sonucunda<br \/>\ngenetik yap\u0131s\u0131 itibariyle SARS vir\u00fcs\u00fcne en az % 70 benzer oldu\u011fu tespit edilen yeni t\u00fcr 2019-<br \/>\nnCoV&#8217;yi ortaya konmu\u015f. daha sonra etken <strong>\u00c7in<\/strong> d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki laboratuvarlarda da tespit edilerek<br \/>\nkesinle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Ancak insandan insana bula\u015f\u0131n olmas\u0131 en \u00f6nemli nokta olarak<br \/>\nde\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Salg\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 hen\u00fcz tam olarak belirlenmemi\u015ftir. Ancak \u00f6n<br \/>\nara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, Wuhan \u015eehrindeki Huanan Deniz \u00dcr\u00fcnleri Toptan Sat\u0131\u015f Pazar\u0131nda ald\u0131klar\u0131<br \/>\n\u00e7evresel \u00f6rneklerde <strong>vir\u00fcs<\/strong>\u00fc pozitif olarak belirlemi\u015flerdir. Bug\u00fcne kadarki bilgiler insandan<br \/>\ninsana bula\u015fman\u0131n meydana geldi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Di\u011fer <strong>koronavir\u00fcs<\/strong>ler gibi esas olarak<br \/>\nsolunum damlac\u0131klar\u0131 ve enfekte salg\u0131larla do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 temas yoluyla bula\u015f\u0131r.<br \/>\nBiraz bu <strong>vir\u00fcs<\/strong>\u00fcn \u00f6zelli\u011finden bahsedecek olursak; genellikle k\u00fcresel veya bazen<br \/>\nfarkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde, tek sarmall\u0131, zarfl\u0131 bir RNA <strong>vir\u00fcs<\/strong>\u00fcd\u00fcr. <strong>Koronavir\u00fcs<\/strong>\u00fcn, alfa, beta, gama ve<br \/>\ndelta alt t\u00fcrleri ve her alt t\u00fcr\u00fcn de bir\u00e7ok serotipi bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130nsanlara ek olarak,<br \/>\n<strong>koronavir\u00fcs<\/strong>ler yarasalar, balinalar, domuzlar, ku\u015flar, kediler, k\u00f6pekler ve farelerde de<br \/>\nbulunmaktad\u0131r.<br \/>\nNas\u0131l hastal\u0131k yap\u0131yor; Viral h\u00fccre y\u00fczeyinde bir glikoprotein yap\u0131da olan S proteini,<br \/>\nvir\u00fcs\u00fcn tutunmas\u0131 ve konak h\u00fccreye giri\u015finde \u00f6nemli yap\u0131sal bir protein olup ayn\u0131 zamanda<br \/>\nkonak se\u00e7iminde de rol oynamaktad\u0131r. S proteinlerinin genetik farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, <strong>korona vir\u00fcs<\/strong>lerin<br \/>\nvir\u00fclansl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine de etkisi bulunmakta ayn\u0131 zamanda v\u00fccudun \u00fcretti\u011fi antikor ve anti viral<br \/>\nmolek\u00fcllerin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda da ana etken konumunda yer almaktad\u0131r. Korona<br \/>\nvir\u00fcsleri havadaki damlac\u0131klar yoluyla bula\u015f\u0131r ve solunum yollar\u0131ndaki t\u00fcys\u00fc epitelde viral<br \/>\n\u00e7o\u011falma yapt\u0131ktan sonra enfeksiyon b\u00f6lgesinde h\u00fccresel hasar ve inflamatuar reaksiyonlar<br \/>\nolu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<br \/>\nVir\u00fcs semptomatik (hastal\u0131k belirtileri bulunan) bir hastan\u0131n alt solunum yollar\u0131nda<br \/>\n(trakeal aspirat, balgam veya bronkoalveoler lavaj s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131) bol miktarda bulunur, kolayl\u0131kla<br \/>\nsaptanabilir ve bu salg\u0131larda haftalarca kalabilmektedir. Akci\u011fer r\u00f6ntgeninde yama tarz\u0131nda<br \/>\nakci\u011fer dokusunda infiltrasyon ve interstisyel \u00e7izgilenmede art\u0131\u015f saptanmaktad\u0131r.<br \/>\nBelirtiler; Genel anlamda nedeni bilinmeyen atipik pn\u00f6moni tablosu ile vakalar<br \/>\ngelmektedir. Ate\u015fin ve alt solunum yollar\u0131na ait yak\u0131nmalar\u0131n olmas\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma ihtiyac\u0131<br \/>\ndo\u011furmaktad\u0131r. Hastalar\u0131n; % 90&#8217;\u0131nda ate\u015f, % 80&#8217;inde kuru \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck, % 20&#8217;sinde nefes darl\u0131\u011f\u0131,<br \/>\n% 15&#8217;inde solunum g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<br \/>\nTan\u0131s\u0131nda; 15 Ocak 2020&#8217;de WHO (Almanya&#8217;daki Charit\u00e9 Hastanesi&#8217;nden bir viroloji<br \/>\nekibi) taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen 2019-nCoV i\u00e7in tan\u0131 testi \u00fczerine bir protokol yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\nKorunma; \u00dcst ve alt solunum yollar\u0131 ile bula\u015fan hastal\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in al\u0131nacak<br \/>\n\u00f6nlemlerle ayn\u0131 \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<br \/>\nTedavi; Yakla\u015f\u0131m olarak ana strateji destekleyici tedavilerin uygulanmas\u0131d\u0131r. A\u011fr\u0131<br \/>\nkesiciler ve ate\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler ilk basamakta kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca solunum deste\u011fiyle<br \/>\nbirlikte bol s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n verilmesi \u00f6nemlidir. E\u011fer bakteriyel s\u00fcper enfeksiyon geli\u015firse antibiyotik<br \/>\ntedavisi uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\nBu t\u00fcr salg\u0131nlar\u0131n bireysel veya toplumsal boyutlarda psikolojik bozukluklara neden<br \/>\nolabilece\u011fi ve sa\u011fl\u0131k kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenmeden \u00e7al\u0131\u015famaz duruma getirebilecekleri de<br \/>\nunutulmamal\u0131, bu durumlara kar\u015f\u0131 da tedbirler al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu vakalara haz\u0131rl\u0131k a\u015famas\u0131nda,<br \/>\nsa\u011fl\u0131k mensuplar\u0131 veya olas\u0131 vakalar\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 veya y\u00f6netimi ve bak\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili<br \/>\nolabilecek tesislerde; hastane afet planlar\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmeli, personelin bu konulara<br \/>\nfark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131, koruyucu malzemelerin depolanmas\u0131 ve kullan\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelik<br \/>\nbilgilendirmeler yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lgili vaka y\u00f6netimi ve enfeksiyon kontrol politikalar\u0131 g\u00f6zden<br \/>\nge\u00e7irilmelidir. M\u00fcmk\u00fcnse referans sa\u011fl\u0131k merkezlerinde izolasyon veya varsa negatif bas\u0131n\u00e7<br \/>\nodalar\u0131ndan yaralanma yoluna gidilmelidir.<br \/>\nKoronavir\u00fcs oldu\u011fundan \u015f\u00fcphelenilen hastalara bakan personelin ki\u015fisel koruyucu<br \/>\nmalzemeleri g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde takabilmeleri ve konusunda bilin\u00e7lenmesi sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\nSa\u011fl\u0131k personelinin kullan\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelik temel olarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki malzemeleri<br \/>\nbulundurulmas\u0131na dikkat edilmelidir.<br \/>\n\u2713 Solunum maskeleri<br \/>\n\u2713 Uzun elleri s\u0131k\u0131 saran eldivenler<br \/>\n\u2713 Koruyucu \u00f6nl\u00fck (m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131ya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olmal\u0131)<br \/>\n\u2713 G\u00f6z korumas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6rne\u011fin tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k g\u00f6zl\u00fckler veya y\u00fcz siperli\u011fi<br \/>\n\u2713 Klinik at\u0131k torbalar\u0131<br \/>\n\u2713 El hijyeni malzemeleri<br \/>\n\u2713 Genel ama\u00e7l\u0131 deterjan ve klor bazl\u0131 dezenfektan \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri.<br \/>\nDe\u011ferlendirme ve Sonu\u00e7:<br \/>\n<strong>Vir\u00fcs<\/strong>ler gibi mikrobiyolojik ajanlar; tespitindeki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler, erken tan\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu zaman<br \/>\nm\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamamas\u0131, karantina \u00f6nlemlerinin ba\u015flarda yetersiz kalmas\u0131 ve ger\u00e7ek etkisinin \u00e7ok<br \/>\n\u00fcst\u00fcnde bir \u015fiddette toplumda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sosyal panik nedeniyle b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6neme sahiptir. Etkenler<br \/>\ngenellikle aerosol yani damlac\u0131k yoluyla etkir ve solunum yolu ile al\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131nda \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck<br \/>\ndozlarda bile a\u011f\u0131r seyirli klinik vakalar olu\u015ftururlar. Globalle\u015fen d\u00fcnyada bir b\u00f6lgede \u00e7\u0131kan<br \/>\nherhangi bir salg\u0131n art\u0131k k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede t\u00fcm gezegene yay\u0131labilmekte, vakalar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayabilmek ve<br \/>\nkontrol alt\u0131nda tutabilmek kolay olamamaktad\u0131r. Bu <strong>koronavir\u00fcs<\/strong> salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle son iki<br \/>\ny\u0131lda Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri ile \u00c7in aras\u0131nda gerginle\u015fen ticaret ili\u015fkisine nas\u0131l bir etki<br \/>\nyapaca\u011f\u0131,<strong> \u00c7in<\/strong> ekonomisine 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda olu\u015fabilecek etkisinin de birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmesi<br \/>\nsa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ekonomiye yans\u0131mas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan takip edilmesi de faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Unutulmamal\u0131 ki,<br \/>\nbu t\u00fcr salg\u0131nlara verilecek cevap, do\u011fal afetlerde oldu\u011fu gibi b\u00f6lgesel ve ulusal sa\u011fl\u0131k<br \/>\nmerkezlerinin koordineli bir \u015fekilde birbirleri ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 suretiyle ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fabilecektir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>G\u0130ZEML\u0130 V\u0130R\u00dcS: \u00c7in\u2019den D\u00fcnyaya \u2026 2019-nCoV Yazan: Prof. Dr. Levent KENAR Kimyasal ve Biyolojik Savunma Uzman\u0131 Cbrn Defence &#8211; Kbrn Savunma Politikalar\u0131 Geli\u015ftirme Derne\u011fi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 31\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8656,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_thinkrank_schema_form_data":"","_thinkrank_selected_schema_type":"","_thinkrank_additional_schemas":"","_thinkrank_canonical_url":"","_thinkrank_og_title":"","_thinkrank_og_description":"","_thinkrank_og_image":"","_thinkrank_twitter_title":"","_thinkrank_twitter_description":"","_thinkrank_twitter_image":"","_thinkrank_imported_from":"","_thinkrank_focus_keywords":[],"_thinkrank_focus_keyword":"","_thinkrank_robots_meta_enabled":0,"_thinkrank_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_advanced_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_primary_category":0,"footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[322,106,108],"tags":[499,1311,978,1334],"ppma_author":[2016],"class_list":["post-8655","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cin","category-kose-yazilari","category-tr","tag-cin","tag-corona-virus","tag-korona-virusu","tag-virus"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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