K\u00fcresel petrol piyasalar\u0131nda kaosa neden olma konumundaki, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n petrol arz\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde otuz be\u015fini olu\u015fturan H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kesintiye u\u011fratarak kendi petrol ihracat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc Asya\u2019ya y\u00f6neltme zorunlulu\u011fu ile \u0130ran, Bandar-e-Jask Liman Projesi\u2019ni geli\u015ftirme konusunda son derece h\u0131zl\u0131 ilerledi.\u00a0En \u00f6nemlisi Jask, uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc ve riskli olan H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019nda de\u011fil, Umman K\u00f6rfezi\u2019nde G\u00fcneydo\u011fu\u2019da yer almaktad\u0131r.\u00a0Bu, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019daki pazarlar\u0131na, \u00f6zellikle \u00c7in\u2019e daha sonra Hindistan\u2019a ve Afrika\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki pazarlara nispeten risksiz bir transit yol sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130ran Petrol M\u00fchendisli\u011fi ve Geli\u015ftirme \u015eirketi (PEDEC) CEO\u2019su Touraj Dehghani\u2019nin son yorumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, ham petrol\u00fcn ilk tam a\u015famas\u0131 olan Ulusal \u0130ran Petrol \u015eirketi (NIOC) ile birlikte projeyi olu\u015fturmaktan sorumlu \u015firket, Jask\u2019tan ham petrol ihracat\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 12 ay i\u00e7inde ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca \u0130ran Petrol M\u00fchendisli\u011fi ve Geli\u015ftirme \u015eirketi (PEDEC) CEO\u2019su 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda Jask Liman\u0131 projesi tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 30 milyon varile yak\u0131n depolama ve g\u00fcnde bir milyon varil (bpd) ham petrol ihra\u00e7 etme kapasitesine sahip olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. Buna ek olarak Jask, ham petrol arz\u0131n\u0131 petrol rafinerilerine, petrokimya tesislerine ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lacak ve bu da Asya\u2019ya yap\u0131lan ihracat\u0131 art\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mevcut ko\u015fullarda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki lojistik model s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir de\u011fildir. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n \u015fu anda Kharg Adas\u0131\u2019nda y\u00fckl\u00fc olan ihracat i\u00e7in t\u00fcm petrol\u00fcn\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k %90\u2019\u0131, \u0130ran ekonomisini sakatlamak i\u00e7in kolay bir hedef haline getirmektedir. Di\u011fer taraftan \u0130ran, kendi petrol ihracat\u0131 gelir ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yok etmeden politik nedenlerden dolay\u0131 H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kapatma tehdidini kullanmak istemektedir. Pratik bir not olarak May\u0131s 2018\u2019de ABD yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 yeniden uygulanmadan \u00f6nce bile Khargadas\u0131ndaki Hark liman\u0131, H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019n\u0131n darl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 son derece yava\u015f seyahat etmek zorunda olan tankerler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmak i\u00e7in ideal de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131, Hint Okyanusu ile Arap K\u00f6rfezi aras\u0131ndaki stratejik bir yoldur. Denizcilikteki en \u00f6nemli noktalardan biridir. D\u00fcnya deniz petrol ihracat\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %35\u2019i ve k\u00fcresel s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz (LNG) arz\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te biri, di\u011fer rafine \u00fcr\u00fcnler ve petrokimyasallarla birlikte H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u2019\u0131ndan ge\u00e7mektedir. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n kendi ekonomisi, mallar\u0131n ve petrol tankerlerinin bo\u011fazdan serbest\u00e7e ge\u00e7i\u015fine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Halen devam etmekte olan planlara g\u00f6re petrol Jask\u2019a girdikten sonra her biri be\u015f y\u00fcz bin varil petrol depolayabilen 20 depolama tank\u0131ndan herhangi birinde depolanacakt\u0131r ve ilk a\u015famada toplam 10 milyon varil daha sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck ham ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lara (VLCC\u2019ler) y\u00fcklenmek \u00fczere Umman K\u00f6rfezi, Arap Denizi ve sonra Hint Okyanusu\u2019na gidecektir. Bu VLCC\u2019ler, ilk a\u015famada 200 milyon ABD dolar\u0131na mal olan nakliye tesislerinde tutulacak olsa da planlar, \u00f6zellikle Asya\u2019da talep edilen \u00e7e\u015fitli petrol destekli ve petrokimyasal \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin d\u00fczenli olarak sevkiyat\u0131 i\u00e7in kapasiteyi geni\u015fletmek zorunda kalacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130ran\u2019daki kaynaklara g\u00f6re bunlar aras\u0131nda benzin, gaz ya\u011f\u0131, jet yak\u0131t\u0131, k\u00fck\u00fcrt, b\u00fctadien, etilen, propilen ve mono-etilen glikol bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130ran Ulusal Petrokimya \u015eirketi proje direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Ali Mohammad Bossaqzadeh, Jask projesinin bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Bakhtar Petrokimya Holding taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclece\u011fini ve sadece yabanc\u0131 \u015firketlerin kat\u0131labilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemektedir.\u00c7in b\u00f6yle bir projede gereken say\u0131da m\u00fchendis ve di\u011fer profesyonelleri \u0130ran\u2019a gerekti\u011fi kadar g\u00f6ndermeyi teklif etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Her ne kadar Jask projesinin ilk sponsoru Ba\u015fkan Hasan Ruhani anayasal olarak gelecek y\u0131l tekrar se\u00e7ime kat\u0131lamayacak olsa da proje i\u00e7in deste\u011fin t\u00fcm siyasi gruplar aras\u0131nda uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u0130slam Devrim Muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131 Birli\u011fi\u2019nin (IRGC) iki temel nedenden dolay\u0131 tam deste\u011fini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131 \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n, ABD ile m\u00fczakere masas\u0131na geri d\u00f6nmesi i\u00e7in gerekti\u011finde \u00c7in ve Hindistan ile ham petrol ticaretini geli\u015ftirmeye devam edebilmesidir. \u0130kincisi ise her ikisi de Jask\u2019\u0131n maliyetlerine katk\u0131da bulundu\u011fundan \u00c7in ve Rusya\u2019dan \u0130ran\u2019a petrol anla\u015fmas\u0131 ya da mal ithalat\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda finansman akaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmesidir.<\/p>\n
Son olarak \u0130ran, ham petrol ihracat\u0131n\u0131n bo\u011fazdan g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde ge\u00e7mesini engellerse ABD ile mevcut so\u011fuklu\u011fun sava\u015fa d\u00f6nmesi durumunda H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kapatmakla veya engellemekle tehdit etmektedir. Bununla birlikte \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n, H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kapatmas\u0131 durumunda \u015fuan bo\u011faz d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda alternatif bir yol olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ham petrol ihracat\u0131 sona erecekti fakat Jask Liman\u0131 Projesi sona erip faaliyete ge\u00e7ti\u011fi takdirde \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n bu tehtidi k\u00fcresel petrol piyasas\u0131n\u0131 ve ABD ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkeyi ekonomik, siyasi y\u00f6nden s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilece\u011fi bariz g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
Yazarlar:
\nBeyza KANLI
\nFurkan Varol TAVRAK
\nHalil \u0130brahim KALENDER<\/p>\n
D\u00fczenleyen :Esra \u015eahin<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
K\u00fcresel petrol piyasalar\u0131nda kaosa neden olma konumundaki, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n petrol arz\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde otuz be\u015fini olu\u015fturan H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kesintiye u\u011fratarak kendi petrol ihracat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc Asya\u2019ya y\u00f6neltme zorunlulu\u011fu ile \u0130ran, Bandar-e-Jask…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8971,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_thinkrank_schema_form_data":"","_thinkrank_selected_schema_type":"","_thinkrank_additional_schemas":"","_thinkrank_canonical_url":"","_thinkrank_og_title":"","_thinkrank_og_description":"","_thinkrank_og_image":"","_thinkrank_twitter_title":"","_thinkrank_twitter_description":"","_thinkrank_twitter_image":"","_thinkrank_imported_from":"","_thinkrank_focus_keywords":[],"_thinkrank_focus_keyword":"","_thinkrank_robots_meta_enabled":0,"_thinkrank_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_advanced_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_primary_category":0,"footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[1021],"ppma_author":[2016],"class_list":["post-8970","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kose-yazilari","tag-jasklimani-petrolarzi-petrolihracati-irgc-pedec-nioc-petrol"],"yoast_head":"\n