Son y\u0131llarda, \u00f6zellikle yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131nda \u00f6nemli mesafeler al\u0131nmaya ba\u015flanmakla beraber, k\u00fcresel enerji sava\u015flar\u0131nda rekabet hala petrol, k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve do\u011fal gaz aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7mektedir.
\nK\u00fcresel enerji t\u00fcketimi i\u00e7erisindeki fosil yak\u0131t pay\u0131, 1973 y\u0131l\u0131nda %97.2 d\u00fczeyindeyken son zamanlarda %91.1\u2019e d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Jeotermal, g\u00fcne\u015f, r\u00fczgar ve benzeri yenilenebilir kaynaklar\u0131n pay\u0131 ise son 47 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemde %0.8 seviyesine y\u00fckseltilmi\u015ftir.
\nRekabetin taraflar\u0131ndan k\u00f6m\u00fcr, son iki y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u00f6nderli\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmi\u015f, yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda ise enerjinin parlayan y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 petrol kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ikinci plana d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\nAncak son y\u0131llarda k\u00fcresel enerji t\u00fcketimi i\u00e7erisinde petrol\u00fcn pay\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zla d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, do\u011fal gaz pay\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n ise eski h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fi g\u00f6zlemlenmektedir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn d\u00fcnya birinci enerji arz\u0131 i\u00e7erisindeki pay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oranlarda da olsa s\u00fcrekli art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermektedir.
\nK\u00f6m\u00fcr, Avrupa\u2019da ve ABD\u2019de modas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in daha az oranda ancak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yerinde hala g\u00fc\u00e7lenmeye devam ediyor.
\nK\u00f6m\u00fcr, hem d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli hem de g\u00fcvenilir bir yak\u0131t t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. K\u00f6m\u00fcr petrol ve do\u011fal gaz gibi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde de\u011fil her b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. K\u00f6m\u00fcr depolanma, nakliye ve kullan\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan di\u011fer fosil yak\u0131tlardan \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr. K\u00f6m\u00fcr, bu y\u00f6nlerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda emniyet konusunda da \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada k\u00f6m\u00fcr santrallerinden bir y\u0131lda 7 milyar ton karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. K\u00f6m\u00fcr civa kirlili\u011fine, asit ya\u011fmurlar\u0131na, yanmas\u0131yla olu\u015fan zararl\u0131 partik\u00fcllerin ve radyasyonun a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na ve tatl\u0131 su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kirlenmesine neden olur. Ancak k\u00f6m\u00fcrden enerji \u00fcretirken maliyeti ucuz, kolay elde edilebilen yak\u0131t t\u00fcr\u00fc oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in termik santraller ne kadar \u00f6nlem al\u0131yoruz dese de \u00f6zellikle devletler k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn verimlili\u011fi ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck fiyat fakt\u00f6r\u00fc oldu\u011fundan bu zararlar\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelerek ilerlemeye devam ediyorlar.<\/p>\n
Fuku\u015fima sonras\u0131 Japonya\u2019da Termik santraller art\u0131yor;
\nJaponya\u2019n\u0131n n\u00fckleer enerjiden h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 do\u011fal gaz ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131yor. Fuku\u015fima felaketinin ard\u0131ndan, \u00fclkedeki 52 n\u00fckleer enerji santralinin 50\u2019sinin kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Japonya\u2019da elektrik arz\u0131ndan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fclkenin do\u011fal gaz ithalat\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131rken, yeni termik santrallerin devreye al\u0131nmas\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu bildirildi.<\/p>\n
Petrol ve Ekonomi<\/p>\n
Sanayi Devrimi ile ba\u015flayan \u00fcretimde makinele\u015fme ve daha sonra olu\u015fan k\u00fcreselle\u015fme ve uluslararas\u0131 ticaretin art\u0131\u015f\u0131yla beraber \u00fcretimin enerjiye daha \u00e7ok ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale gelmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyadaki s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 rezervleri, e\u015fit olmayan da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve artan talepler dikkatleri her zaman enerji \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Petrol ise d\u00fcnya ekonomilerinde en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131ma sahip oland\u0131r ve EKONOM\u0130K b\u00fcy\u00fcme i\u00e7in kritik bir \u00f6neme sahiptir. Petrol fiyatlar\u0131ndaki gerilemeler ve petrol \u015foklar\u0131 \u00fcretim maliyetlerini etkilemektedir. Petrol fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n tek tarafl\u0131 belirlenmesi petrol piyasas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde etkiler olu\u015fturmas\u0131 mikroekonomik fakt\u00f6rler olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Petrol fiyatlar\u0131 ve kurlardaki de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin etkisiyle \u00fclkelerin milli has\u0131la, istihdam, \u00f6demeler bilan\u00e7osu, enflasyon gibi mikroekonomik fakt\u00f6rlerine de etki etmektedir.<\/p>\n
Suudi Arabistan ile Rusya aras\u0131ndaki Petrol Sava\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n
K\u00fcresel borsalarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen sat\u0131\u015f bask\u0131s\u0131na petrol sava\u015f\u0131 ekleniyor.
\nPetrol piyasalar\u0131 konusunda uyum i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Suudi Arabistan, Rusya ile anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Rusya OPEC\u2019in istedi\u011fi \u00fcretim kesintisini yapmad\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine Suudi Arabistan petrol ihracat\u0131nda fiyat indirimine gitti.
\nOPEC toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7suz kalmas\u0131 nedeniyle ham petrol fiyatlar\u0131ndaki gerileme 45 dolar seviyesine gelmi\u015ftir. Bu, 2017 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri gelinen en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviye olmu\u015ftur. Brent petrol\u00fcn varil fiyat\u0131 %30 gerileyerek 31.7 dolar\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Petrol fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n gerilemesiyle fosil enerji piyasas\u0131nda art\u0131\u015flar meydana geldi. En ucuz ve en kirli fosil yak\u0131t olan k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn e\u015fde\u011fer fiyat\u0131 petrol\u00fcn \u00fczerinde kald\u0131.
\nKorona vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn petrol \u00fczerindeki etkileri<\/p>\n
OPEC \u00c7in\u2019deki korona vir\u00fcs\u00fc salg\u0131n\u0131 nedeniyle talebin \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalmas\u0131 halinde teyakkuza ge\u00e7ti. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak petrol \u00fcretimi g\u00fcnde 1.7 varile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemler d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomisi \u00c7in\u2019de ba\u015flayan vir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131, bu \u00fclkede ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin azalaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini ortaya koydu\u011fu i\u00e7indir.<\/p>\n
Yazar: Murat Toksoy
\nD\u00fczenleyen: Yazel S\u00fcmeyye G\u00fcrer<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Son y\u0131llarda, \u00f6zellikle yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131nda \u00f6nemli mesafeler al\u0131nmaya ba\u015flanmakla beraber, k\u00fcresel enerji sava\u015flar\u0131nda rekabet hala petrol, k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve do\u011fal gaz aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7mektedir. K\u00fcresel enerji t\u00fcketimi i\u00e7erisindeki fosil yak\u0131t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7611,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_thinkrank_schema_form_data":"","_thinkrank_selected_schema_type":"","_thinkrank_additional_schemas":"","_thinkrank_canonical_url":"","_thinkrank_og_title":"","_thinkrank_og_description":"","_thinkrank_og_image":"","_thinkrank_twitter_title":"","_thinkrank_twitter_description":"","_thinkrank_twitter_image":"","_thinkrank_imported_from":"","_thinkrank_focus_keywords":[],"_thinkrank_focus_keyword":"","_thinkrank_robots_meta_enabled":0,"_thinkrank_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_advanced_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_primary_category":0,"footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[1035,454,203,116],"ppma_author":[2016],"class_list":["post-9026","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kose-yazilari","tag-petrolsavasi","tag-komur","tag-opec","tag-petrol"],"yoast_head":"\n