Abstract Geopolitics of the eastern Mediterranean Sea is heightened in importance primarily due to issues related to maritime claims, access, and the quest for energy resources. Rights to demarcate, protect, and exploit Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) are increasingly considered as significant aspects of sea power, strategy and security. In the light of recent hydrocarbon discoveries,...
Greece, Southern Cyprus Management and Israel have signed a deal for a pipeline designed to move gas from the eastern Mediterranean to Europe. This signing ceremony actually is not a new attempt regarding with the due incoherent pipeline project. More than 3 years, the due sides have been coming together, declaring the same claims about...
The Coronavirus pandemic, which started in China and continues to spread all over the world, affects everything from individuals, states to the international system in an unpredictable extent. Beyond the real health dimension, it creates a perceptual fear climate, brings life to a halt with its high contagiousness feature, prepares the globalization principle with a...
Biological warfare is the use of living microorganisms or materials derived from them (toxins, genetically modified organisms) for military or terrorist purposes to cause death or incapacitation in man, animals or plants. The deliberate use of microorganisms and toxins as weapons has been attempted in various periods throughout history (Table I). Many biological agents including...
INTRODUCTION As a well-known fact by millions of people, more than hundred and fifty years ago, Colonel Drake in Titusville, Pennsylvania did the first oil discovery. From 1859 to 2015, the use of oil and its market concept has dramatically changed by producers and consumers. First oligopoly market initiatives can be explained by the dissolution...
INTRODUCTION Northern Iraq, with the popular name Kurdish Region, by having an estimated 40 billion bbl oil and 8 tcm gas reserves (according to OPEC reports), is a strategic region for Turkey. In addition to oil and gas reserves, other key factors such as historical background, terrorism, ethnical properties, existing disputes with the central Iraqi...
INTRODUCTION Turkish Stream Pipeline Project (TSP) is the result of the altering Russian gas supply policies toward European Union (EU). Due to flustering disputes over Ukraine, initial step was planned as to bypass Ukraine with a new standalone pipeline that will transit Russian gas to Eastern Europe. However, increasing conflicts between EU and Bulgarian government...
ABSTRACT EU is the biggest energy importing structure in the world and Russia is her major supplier. EU energy security troubled by increasing political conflicts with Russia rushes EU to diversify her energy supplies. One of the most popular candidates for EU’s future energy supply is the Caspian resources placed in between Russia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan,...