Biological warfare is the use of living microorganisms or materials derived from them (toxins, genetically modified organisms) for military or terrorist purposes to cause death or incapacitation in man, animals or plants. The deliberate use of microorganisms and toxins as weapons has been attempted in various periods throughout history (Table I). Many biological agents including...
Kategori: Dergiler
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Using Oil Shale As An Alternative Raw Material For Energy Production And Potentiality Of Turkey
WHAT IS OIL SHALE Oil shale is commonly defined as a fine- grained sedimentary rock containing organ- ic matter (kerogen) that yields substantial amounts of oil and combustible gas upon destructive distillation (retorting). Most of the organic matter is insoluble in ordinary organic solvents; therefore, it is decomposed by heating to release such materials. What...
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Key Factors Of Recent Changes In Crude Oil Prices
INTRODUCTION As a well-known fact by millions of people, more than hundred and fifty years ago, Colonel Drake in Titusville, Pennsylvania did the first oil discovery. From 1859 to 2015, the use of oil and its market concept has dramatically changed by producers and consumers. First oligopoly market initiatives can be explained by the dissolution...
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Northern Iraq & Turkey: From The View Of Energy Politics
INTRODUCTION Northern Iraq, with the popular name Kurdish Region, by having an estimated 40 billion bbl oil and 8 tcm gas reserves (according to OPEC reports), is a strategic region for Turkey. In addition to oil and gas reserves, other key factors such as historical background, terrorism, ethnical properties, existing disputes with the central Iraqi...
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Russian Chess On Gas Politics: Evaluation Of Turkish Stream
INTRODUCTION Turkish Stream Pipeline Project (TSP) is the result of the altering Russian gas supply policies toward European Union (EU). Due to flustering disputes over Ukraine, initial step was planned as to bypass Ukraine with a new standalone pipeline that will transit Russian gas to Eastern Europe. However, increasing conflicts between EU and Bulgarian government...
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Southern Gas Corridor, Milestones And Other Turkmen Gas Export Options (Via Turkish Stream)
ABSTRACT EU is the biggest energy importing structure in the world and Russia is her major supplier. EU energy security troubled by increasing political conflicts with Russia rushes EU to diversify her energy supplies. One of the most popular candidates for EU’s future energy supply is the Caspian resources placed in between Russia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan,...
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Strategic Approaches To Unconventional Resources To Meet The Turkish Energy Demand
ABSTRACT Increasing demand in energy makes the world revolve around it. Major oil companies have been researching all around the world as to increase reserve and production. What could we do to find more reserves? Thinking backwards is a way to discover new methodology and associated new technology. That is how unconventional methods stepped in...
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Turkey’s Energy Investments – Projects – Policies: An Overview Under Decision Making Approach
INTRODUCTION One of the never-ending discussion topics in today’s modern time is doubtlessly energy supply. Energy gained even more value with the industrial revolution; nowadays it maintains its importance as an element of strategic balance. Although energy resources are not dispersed homogeneously of the earth’s surface, global demand for energy supplies is constantly increasing that...
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Azerbaijan Gas Export Potential & Related Infrastructures For Eu & Tr Energy Security Issues (Up To 2050)
Oğuzhan Akyener ABSTRACT Due to increasing demand, gas supply is one of the most strategic energy security issues for huge importers. Caspian region -where important gas supply potentials exist- has always been directly related to the huge importers’ energy security issues, such as EU and Turkey. Azerbaijan as an important gas supplier country located in...